Scientific discovery learning is a learning process in which students acquire duce domain knowledge from self-conducted investigations or examples. Even though finding things out on your own can certainly be more motivating than reading a textbook or attending a lecture, the discovery process calls upon an integrated set of skills few students are found to master. The effectiveness of scientific discovery learning therefore depends to a large extent on the availability of appropriate guidance. This chapter presents an overview of the types of guidance typically found in contemporary scientific discovery learning environments and considers their potential to enhance learning processes and learning outcomes in light of recent research findings. On the basis of this discussion, possible directions for advancing the educational benefits of scientific discovery learning are proposed.