Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T16:31:28.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

20 - Standardization across State Boundaries

Modern Ukrainian as a Paradigmatic Case

from Part IV - Beyond the National

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2021

By
Serhii Vakulenko
Edited by
Wendy Ayres-Bennett  and
John Bellamy
Wendy Ayres-Bennett
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
John Bellamy
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Throughout its existence, Ukrainian has been a language of more than one state. At the time of the formation of its modern standard (nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries), the Ukrainian ethnic territory was divided between the Austrian and Russian empires, leading to the rise of two distinct varieties: eastern and western. Apart from different dialect bases, these two standards contrasted with respect to the type of interdialectal language variety immediately preceding them: folklore and urban koine, respectively. Despite the coexistence of two standards, Ukranian was not a bi- or pluri-centric language strictu sensu, as its development was characterized by a good deal of acentricity. Cross-border cooperation and periodical border shifts contributed to partial levelling of differences, especially during the interwar years, when contacts between the two traditional varieties were intensified in all of the countries (partly) inhabited by Ukrainians: the Soviet Union, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia. The corpus-planning centres for Ukrainian in each country were of different types (powerful, weak, dictatorial). After the reunification of the bulk of Ukrainian lands within the Soviet Union (1945) and following the proclamation of the country’s independence (1991), homogeneity of the standard was achieved, although ancient state boundaries continue to be felt.

Keywords

Standard Ukrainiantypology of standard languagespluricentric languagesacentric languagesstandardization across state boundariescorpus-planning centresdialectal bases of standard languagesfolklore koineurban koine
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Language Standardization , pp. 546 - 575
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beger, K. (2014). Untersuchungen zur Kodifizierung des Ukrainischen: Rechtschreibreformen und ihre Umsetzung in Galizien zwischen 1919 und 1938. Vienna/Berlin: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Besters-Dilger, J., Karunyk, K. & Vakulenko, S. (2019). Language(s) in the Ukrainian regions: historical roots and the current situation. In Schmid, U. & Myshlovska, O., eds., Regionalism without Regions: Reconceptualizing Ukraine’s Heterogeneity. Budapest/New York: Central European University Press, pp. 135–217.Google Scholar
Brozović, D. (1965). Vuk i novoštokavska folklorna Koine. (Prilog tipologiji slavenskih standardnih jezika). Slavia. Cˇasopis pro slovanskou filologii, 34(1), 1–27.Google Scholar
Čaplenko, V. (1970). Istorija novoji ukrajins’koji literaturnoji movy. New York: n. pub.Google Scholar
Černyčko, S. & Fedynec’, Č. (2014). Nasˇ miscevyj Vavylon. Istorija movnoji polityky na terytoriji sucˇasnoho Zakarpattia u persˇij polovyni XX stolittia (do 1944 roku). Uzhhorod: Lira.Google Scholar
Clyne, M., ed. (1992). Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Coşeriu, E. (1969). Sistema, norma e «parola». In Studi linguistici in onore di Vittore Pisani, Vol. I. Brescia: Paideia, pp. 235–53.Google Scholar
Danylenko, A. (2010). The Ukrainian Bible and the Valuev Circular of July 18, 1863. Acta Slavica Iaponica, 28, 1–21.Google Scholar
Flier, M. S. & Graziosi, A., eds. (2017). The Battle for Ukrainian: A Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Geeraerts, D. (2003). Cultural models of linguistic standardisation. In Dirven, R., Frank, R. & Pütz, M., eds., Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meaning. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 25–68.Google Scholar
Gricenko, P. E. [Hrycenko, P. Ju] (1993). Nekotorye zamečanija o dialektnoj osnove ukrainskogo literaturnogo jazyka. In Toporov, V. N., ed., Philologia slavica: K 70-letiju akademika N. I. Tolstogo. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 284–94.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1980). The implementation of corpus planning: theory and practice. In Cobarrubias, J. & Fishman, J. A., eds., Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. Berlin, etc.: Mouton, pp. 269–89.Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. (1990). On Language. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Karpova, V. L. (1960). Z istoriji ukrajins’koho pravopysu v Halyčyni (1917–1939 rr.). In Doslidzˇennia i materїaly z ukrajins’koji movy, Vol. II. Kiev: Vydavnyctvo Akademiji nauk Ukrains’koji RSR, pp. 124–42.Google Scholar
Karunyk, K. (2013). Opposition of languages or interaction of dialects? George Y. Shevelov on the sources of Standard Ukrainian. Beitra¨ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, 23(2), 275–94.Google Scholar
Kloss, H. (1967). ‘Abstand languages’ and ‘Ausbau languages’. Anthropological Linguistics, 9(7), 29–41.Google Scholar
Kryms’kyj, A. (1922). Ukrajins’ka mova: zvidkilia vona vzialasia i jak rozvyvalasia. In Šaxmatov, O. & Kryms’kyj, A., eds., Narysy z istoriji ukrajins’koji movy ta xrestomatija z pamjatnykiv pys’mens’koji staroukrajinsˇcˇyny. Kiev: Drukar, pp. 87–128.Google Scholar
Lemke, M. (1904). Epoxa cenzurnyx reform 1859–1865 godov. Saint Petersburg: Knigoizdatel’stvo M. V. Pirožkova.Google Scholar
Lesiuk, M. (2014). Stanovlennia i rozvytok ukrajins’koji literaturnoji movy v Halycˇyni. Ivano-Frankivsk: Misto NV.Google Scholar
Lévêque, D. (2014). Hacia un diccionario español-francés de centroamericanismos léxicos: una elaboración dual, por extracción literaria y confirmacion de usos. Centroamericana, 24(2), 29–52.Google Scholar
Lysyčenko, L. A. (2011). Ci nevycˇerpni hlybyny movy. Kharkiv: n. pub.Google Scholar
Masenko, L. (2004). Mova i suspil’stvo: postkolonїal’nyj vymir. Kiev: KM Akademija.Google Scholar
Metlyns’kyj, A. (1850). Vzgljad na istoricˇeskoe razvitie poe·zii i prozy. Kharkiv: n. pub.Google Scholar
Moser, M. (2008). Prycˇynky do istoriji ukrajins’koji movy. Kharkiv: Xarkivs’ke istoryko-filolohične tovarystvo.Google Scholar
Moser, M. (2016). New Contributions to the History of the Ukrainian Language. Edmonton/Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press.Google Scholar
Moser, M. & Wakoulenko, S. [Vakulenko, S.] (2019). Un dédale glottonymique: quelques noms de la langue ukrainienne. In Sériot, P., ed., Le nom des langues en Europe centrale, orientale et balkanique. Limoges: Éditions Lambert-Lucas, pp. 129–61.Google Scholar
Muhr, R., ed. (2012). Non-Dominant Varieties of Pluricentric Languages: Getting the Picture. Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Najholovniši pravyla (1921). Najholovnisˇi pravyla ukrajins’koho pravopysu. Kiev: Deržavne Vydavnyctvo.Google Scholar
Niehaus, K. & Elspaß, S. (2018). ‘From above’, ‘from below’, and regionally balanced: towards a new corpus of nineteenth-century German. In Whitt, R. J., ed., Diachronic Corpora, Genre, and Language Change. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 19–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohijenko, I. [Mytropolyt Ilarїon] (1950). Istorija ukrajins’koji literaturnoji movy. Winnipeg: Naša kul’tura.Google Scholar
Oraci, L. [Orazi, L.] (2018). Ukrajins’kyj pravopys i povorot u movnij polityci 1933 r. (Za materïalamy hazety ‘Visti VUCVK’). In Vakulenko, S. & Karunyk, K., eds., Ukrajins’ka mova: unormuvannia, rozunormuvannia, perevnormuvannia (1920–2015). Kharkiv: Xarkivs’ke istoryko-filolohične tovarystvo, pp. 313–30.Google Scholar
Osnovjanenko, H. (1833). Suplyka do Pana Izdatelia. Utrennjaja Zvezda, 2, 3–7.Google Scholar
Padiak, V. (2010). Narysy istoriji karpatorusyns’koji literatury XVI–XXI stolit’. Uzhhorod: Vydavnyctvo V. Padiaka.Google Scholar
Pavlovskij, A. (1818). Grammatika Malorossijskogo narecˇija. Saint Petersburg: n. pub.Google Scholar
Popovs’kyj, A. (2015). Linhvistycˇne ta istoryko-kul’turne znacˇennia poltavs’kyx hovoriv u formuvanni ukrajins’koji literaturno-nacїonal’noji movy. Dnipropetrovsk: Lira.Google Scholar
Popovs’kyj, A. (2018). Pivdennoukrajins’ki dzˇerela v istoriji formuvannia ukrajins’koji literaturnoji movy. Dnipro: Lira.Google Scholar
Pravopysni pravyla (1922). Pravopysni pravyla pryniati Naukovym Tovarystvom imeny Sˇevcˇenka u L’vovi. Lviv: n. pub.Google Scholar
Remy, J. (2007). The Valuev Circular and censorship of Ukrainian publications in the Russian Empire (1863–1876): intention and practice. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 49(1–2), 87–110.Google Scholar
Remy, J. (2016). Brothers or Enemies: The Ukrainian National Movement and Russia, from the 1840s to the 1870s. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, M. H. (1939). The problem of the hybrid language. Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 38(1), 23–41.Google Scholar
Rusanivs’kyj, V. M. (2002). Istorija ukrajins’koji literaturnoji movy. Kiev: ArtEk.Google Scholar
Savčenko, F. (1930). Zaborona ukrajinstva 1876 r. Kharkiv/Kiev: Deržavne Vydavnyctvo Ukrajiny.Google Scholar
Selihej, P. O. (2005). Naukovci movoznavčyx ustanov Akademiji nauk Ukrajiny. 1918–1943 rr. In Skliarenko, V. H., Lukinova, T. B. & Selihej, P. O., eds., Instytut movoznavstva im. O. O. Potebni NAN Ukrajiny. 1930–2005: Materїaly do istoriji. Kiev: Dovira, pp. 362–400.Google Scholar
Ševčuk, H. [Shevelov, G. Y.] (1946). Odna čy dvi literaturni movy? Ridne Slovo, 2(3–4), 78–85.Google Scholar
Ševel’ov, J. [Shevelov, G. Y.] (1966). Novitnia ukrajins’ka literaturna mova, z typolohičnoho pohlidu. Ulrajins’ki Visti, 26, 2–5.Google Scholar
Ševel’ov, J. [Shevelov, G. Y.] (1967). Ševčenkovi tradyciji v ukrajins’kij movi. Slovo na storozˇi, 4, 8–10.Google Scholar
Ševel’ov, J. [Shevelov, G. Y.] (1990). U dovhij čerzi. Problemy reabilitacij. Sucˇasnist’, 30(12), 69–79.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1966). Die ukrainische Schriftsprache 1798–1965: Ihre Entwicklung unter dem Einfluß der Dialekte. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1977). Language planning and unplanning in the Ukraine. In Thomas, G., ed., The Languages and Literatures of the Non-Russian Peoples of the Soviet Union: Papers and Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference Organized by the Inter-Departmental Committee on Communist and East European Affairs held at Hamilton, Ontario, October 22–23, 1976. Hamilton: n. pub., pp. 236–67.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1979). A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1988–89). Prosta Cˇad’ and Prostaja Mova. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 12–13, 593–624.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1989). The Ukrainian Language in the First Half of the Twentieth Century (1900–1941): Its State and Status. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Shevelov, G. Y. (1994). Homer’s arbitration in a Ukrainian linguistic controversy: Alexander Potebnja and Peter Niščyns’kyj. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 18(1/2), 104–16.Google Scholar
Shevelov, Y. (1956). L’ukrainien littéraire. Revue des études slaves, 33, 68–83.Google Scholar
Skopnenko, O. (2006). Recepcija pivdenno-zaxidnyx dïalektnyx rys u sučasnij ukrajins’kij i bilorus’kij literaturnyx movax (na materïali vidminkovyx form imennykiv). Leksykohraficˇnyj biuleten’, 14, 26–30.Google Scholar
Smal’-Stoc’kyj, R. (1936). Ukrajins’ka mova v Soviets’kij Ukrajini (materijaly j zavvahy). Warsaw: n. pub.Google Scholar
Štec’, M. (1969). Literaturna mova ukrajinciv Zakarpattia i Sxidnoji Slovacˇcˇyny (pislia 1918). Bratislava: Slovac’ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo.Google Scholar
Stewart, W. A. (1968). A sociolinguistic typology for describing national multilingualism. In Fishman, J., ed., Readings in the Sociology of Language. The Hague/Paris: Mouton, pp. 531–45.Google Scholar
Tichý, F. (1938). Vy´voj soucˇasného spisovného jazyka na Podkarpatské Rusi. Prague: Orbis.Google Scholar
Tkač, L. (2007). Ukrajins’ka literaturna mova na Bukovyni v kinci XIX – na pocˇatku XX stolittia. Cˇastyna 2: Dzˇerela i socїokul’turni cˇynnyky rozvytku. Chernivtsi: Knyhy – XXI.Google Scholar
Tkačenko, O. B. (2011). Staroukrajins’ka mova jak cilisna tradycija i pryčyny jiji zanepadu: peredistorija problemy ta jiji vysvitlennia na tli osoblyvostej formuvannia slovjans’kyx literaturnyx mov. In Skliarenko, V. H., ed., Zˇyttia – u slovi. Zbirnyk naukovyx prac’ na posˇanu akademika Vitalija Makarovycˇa Rusanivs’koho (1931–2007). Kiev: Vydavnyčyj dim Dmytra Buraho, pp. 119–39.Google Scholar
Ukrajins’kyj pravopys (1928). Ukrajins’kyj pravopys. Kharkiv: Deržavne Vydavnyctvo Ukrajiny.Google Scholar
Ukrajins’kyj pravopys (1933). Ukrajins’kyj pravopys. Kharkiv: Radians’ka škola.Google Scholar
Ukrajins’kyj pravopys (2019). Ukrajins’kyj pravopys. (Oficijnyj tekst). Kiev: Vydavec’ Palyvoda A. V.Google Scholar
Vakulenko, S. (2009a). 1933-ij rik v istoriji ukrajins’koji movy: čynna norma ta pravopysna praktyka (na prykladi redakcijnoji polityky hazety ‘Komunist’). In Lysyčenko, L. A., ed., Filolohicˇni studiji. Kharkiv: n. pub., pp. 27–41.Google Scholar
Vakulenko, S. (2009b). The European dimension within the current controversy over the Ukrainian language standard. In Zaleska Onyshkevych, L. M. L. & Rewakowicz, M. G., eds., Contemporary Ukraine on the Cultural Map of Europe. Armonk, NY/London: Sharpe, pp. 297–315.Google Scholar
Vakulenko, S. (2018). Zahal’ni tendenciji v unormuvanni ukrajins’koji movy (1920–2015 rr.). In Vakulenko, S. & Karunyk, K., eds., Ukrajins’ka mova: unormuvannia, rozunormuvannia, perevnormuvannia (1920–2015). Kharkiv: Xarkivs’ke istoryko-filolohične tovarystvo, pp. 7–258.Google Scholar
Vakulenko, S. (2020). Dejaki istoryčni ta typolohični paraleli v rozvytku rumuns’koji ta ukrajins’koji literaturnyx mov. In Do hlybyn sutnosty movy: zbirnyk naukovyx prac’ na posˇanu profesora Mykoly Lesiuka. Ivano-Frankivsk: Misto NV, pp. 61–72.Google Scholar
Vakulenko, S. & Karunyk, K., eds. (2018). Ukrajins’ka mova: unormuvannia, rozunormuvannia, perevnormuvannia (1920–2015). Kharkiv: Xarkivs’ke istoryko-filolohične tovarystvo.Google Scholar
Yefimenko, H. (2017). Bolshevik language policy as a reflection of the ideas and practice of communist construction, 1919–1933. In Flier, M. S. & Graziosi, A., eds., The Battle for Ukrainian: A Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 167–94.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×