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6 - The Impact of Autochthonous Languages on Bantu Language Variation: A Comparative View on Southern and Central Africa

from Part One - Language Contact and Genetic Linguistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

By
Koen Bostoen  and
Hilde Gunnink
Edited by
Salikoko S. Mufwene  and
Anna María Escobar
Salikoko S. Mufwene
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Anna María Escobar
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Summary

The dispersal of Bantu-speaking people from their ancestral homeland in the borderland between current-day Nigeria and Cameroon across most of Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa had a significant impact on the languages, cultures, and demography of autochthonous populations. Inversely, foragers and pastoralists also considerably contributed to the gene pool of Bantu-speaking communities, the speciation of their languages, and the evolution of their cultures. In this chapter, the impact of indigenous languages on Bantu language variation is assessed by comparing the language contact situations in Southern and Central Africa. Southern Africa is much better documented, because the much shallower time depth of contact between Bantu-speaking newcomers and autochthonous populations allowed the latter to survive as separate populations, often maintaining a language unrelated to Bantu. In Central Africa, the dispersal of Bantu languages is much older. Together with the success of other families, such as Ubangi and Central-Sudanic, it led to the death of all languages previously spoken by rainforest hunter-gatherers. Still little is therefore known about prehistoric language contact between indigenous forest foragers and immigrant communities. Nonetheless, Southern Africa provides us with useful insights to be tested in Central Africa.

Keywords

Central AfricaSouthern AfricaBantu ExpansionTwaPygmiesKhoisanhunter-gathererspastoralistsagriculturalistssubstratum interference
Type
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Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
Volume 1: Population Movement and Language Change
 , pp. 152 - 186
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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