Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Maps Volume I
- Figures Volume I
- Tables Volume I
- Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part One Language Contact and Genetic Linguistics
- Part Two Linguistic Areas
- Part Three Language Spread
- Part Four Emergence and Spread of Some European Languages
- 14 The Emergence and Evolution of Romance Languages in Europe and the Americas
- 15 The Expansion and Evolution of Portuguese
- 16 French and English in Contact in North America
- 17 French in African Contact Settings
- 18 The Geographical and Demographic Expansion of English
- Part Five Language Diasporas
- Author Index
- Language Index
- Subject Index
- References
14 - The Emergence and Evolution of Romance Languages in Europe and the Americas
from Part Four - Emergence and Spread of Some European Languages
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 June 2022
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Maps Volume I
- Figures Volume I
- Tables Volume I
- Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part One Language Contact and Genetic Linguistics
- Part Two Linguistic Areas
- Part Three Language Spread
- Part Four Emergence and Spread of Some European Languages
- 14 The Emergence and Evolution of Romance Languages in Europe and the Americas
- 15 The Expansion and Evolution of Portuguese
- 16 French and English in Contact in North America
- 17 French in African Contact Settings
- 18 The Geographical and Demographic Expansion of English
- Part Five Language Diasporas
- Author Index
- Language Index
- Subject Index
- References
Summary
The evolution of the Romance languages from Latin was significantly shaped by the numerous language contact environments, which resulted from conquest, colonization, and trade. This chapter traces the development of the largest Romance languages throughout Europe, with emphasis on the known or postulated effects of language contact. The chapter continues with an account of the spread of Spanish, Portuguese, and French to the Americas, together with the ensuing contacts with indigenous languages and languages of voluntary and involuntary immigration and the formation of Afro-Romance creole languages.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language ContactVolume 1: Population Movement and Language Change, pp. 427 - 458Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
Adelaar, Willem & Muysken, Pieter. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Álvarez Nazario, Manuel. 1970. Un texto literario del papiamento documentado en Puerto Rico en 1830. Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña 47.9–20.Google Scholar
Álvarez Nazario, Manuel. 1972. El papiamento: ojeado a su pasado histórico y visión de su problemática del presente. Atenea 9.9–20.Google Scholar
Anchieta, José de. 1990 [1595]. Arte de gramática da língua mais usada na costa do Brasil. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.Google Scholar
Angola Maconde, Juan. 2012. El habla afroyungueña, La Paz, Kindermissionswerk die Sternsinger & Fundación de Afrodescendientes Pedro Andaveres Peralta.Google Scholar
Ascoli, G[raziadio] I[saia]. 1873. Saggi ladini (Archivio Glottologico Italiano I). Turin: Ermanno Loescher.Google Scholar
Avelar, Juanito & Galves, Charlotte. 2014. O papel das línguas africanas na emergência da gramática do português brasileiro. Lingüística 30.2.241–88.Google Scholar
Baxter, Alan N. 2004. The development of variable NP plural agreement in a restructured African variety of Portuguese. In Creoles, contact, and language change, ed. by Escure, Geneviève & Schwegler, Armin, 97–126. Amsterdam & Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Baxter, Alan N. 2009. A concordância de número no SN: configuração estrutural e social no ialeto de Helvécia e no dialeto dos Tongas de São Tomé. In O Português Afro-Brasileiro, ed. by Lucchesi, Dante, Baxter, Alan N, & Ribeiro, Ilza, 269–93. Salvador: EDUFBA.Google Scholar
Benavente, Sonia. 1988. Algunos rasgos sintácticos del castellano en alumnos universitarios puneños. In Pesquisas en lingüística andina, ed. by López, Enrique, 237–52. Lima & Puno: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano.Google Scholar
Benavides, Celso. 1973. Orígenes históricos del habla de Samaná (aproximación sociolingüística). Español Actual 25.14–18.Google Scholar
Benavides, Celso. 1985. El dialecto español de Samaná. Anuario de la Academia de Ciencias de la República Dominicana 9.297–342.Google Scholar
Borucki, Alex, Eltis, David, & Wheat, David. 2015. Atlantic history and the slave trade to Spanish America. The American Historical Review 120.2.433–61.Google Scholar
Boyd-Bowman, Peter. 1956. Regional origins of the earliest Spanish colonists of America. Publication of the Modern Language Association 71.1152–72.Google Scholar
Boyd-Bowman, Peter. 1964. Indice geobiográfico de 40,000 pobladores españoles de América en el siglo XVI, 1493–1519, vol. 1. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.Google Scholar
Boyd-Bowman, Peter. 1968. Indice geobiográfico de 40,000 pobladores españoles de América en el siglo XVI, 1493–1519, vol. 2. Mexico City: Editorial Jus.Google Scholar
Boyd-Bowman, Peter. 1973. Patterns of Spanish emigration to the New World (1493–1580) Buffalo, NY: Council on International Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo.Google Scholar
Camacho, José, Paredes, Liliana, & Sánchez, Liliana. 1997. Null objects in bilingual Andean Spanish. Proceedings of the Boston University Conference on Language Development 21.55–66.Google Scholar
Choi, Jinny K. 2000. [-Person] direct object drop: The genetic cause of a syntactic feature in Paraguayan Spanish. Hispania 83.531–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz, Norma. 2002. La diáspora haitiana: desde la periferia hasta la periferia. In La Romania americana: procesos lingüísticos en situaciones de contacto, ed. By Díaz, Norma, Ludwig, Ralph, & Pfänder, Stefan, 279–325. Frankfurt: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Domínguez, Luis Arturo. 1989. Vivencia de un rito loango en el Tambú. Caracas: Talleres de Hijos de Ramiro Paz.Google Scholar
Echenique, María Teresa. 2006. Consideraciones actuales en torno a la lengua vasca ya su acción como sustrato-adstrato del castellano. Iberoromania 62.2.71–86.Google Scholar
Entwistle, William. 1962. The Spanish language, together with Portuguese, Catalan and Basque, 2nd ed. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Jo-Anne. 2009. The history and future of Patuá in Paria. Report on initial language revitalization efforts for French Creole in Venezuela. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24.139–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, Letânia & Holt, D. Eric. 2014. On the partially divergent phonology of Spanish, Portuguese and points in between. In Portuguese–Spanish Interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, ed. by Amaral, Patrícia & Carvalho, Ana Maria, 123–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Figueroa Arencibia, Vicente Jesús & Ourdy, Pierre Jean. 2004. Contacto lingüístico español-kreyol en una comunidad cubano-haitiana de Santiago de Cuba. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 2.4.41–55.Google Scholar
Fridland, Valerie. 1999. The southern shift in Memphis, Tennessee. Language Variation and Change 11.267–85.Google Scholar
Gärtner, Eberhard. 2007. O papel dos falantes afro-brasileiros na formação do diassistema do português brasileiro. In La Romania en interacción: entre historia, contacto y política, ed. by Schrader-Kniffki, Martina & García, Laura Morgenthaler, 365–88. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Godenzzi, Juan Carlos. 1986. Pronombres de objeto directo e indirecto del castellano de Puno. Lexis 10.187–201.Google Scholar
Godenzzi, Juan Carlos. 1988. Lengua y variación sociolectal: el castellano en Puno. In Pesquisas en lingüística andina, ed. by López, Enrique, 201–36. Lima & Puno: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano.Google Scholar
González, Carlisle & Benavides, Celso. 1982. ¿Existen rasgos criollos en el habla de Samaná? In El español del Caribe, ed. by Alba, Orlando, 105–32. Santiago de los Caballeros: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.Google Scholar
Granda, Germán de. 1977. Estudios sobre un área dialectal hispanoamericana de población negra: las tierras bajas occidentales de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.Google Scholar
Granda, Germán de. 1982. Origen y formación del leísmo en el español del Paraguay. Ensayo de un método. Revista de Filología Española 62.259–83.Google Scholar
Guion, Susan. 2003. The vowel systems of Quichua-Spanish bilinguals: Age of acquisition effects on the mutual influence of the first and second languages. Phonetica 60.98–128.Google Scholar
Guiter, Henri. 1995. Sur le substrat gaulois dans la Romania. In Munus Amicitiae. Studia linguistica in honorem Witoldi Manczak septuagenarii, ed. by Bochnakowa, Anna & Widlak, Stanisław, 61–6. Krakow: Uniwersytet Jagiellonski.Google Scholar
Guy, Gregory. 1989. On the nature and origins of popular Brazilian Portuguese. In Estudios sobre español de América y lingüística afroamericana, 227–45. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.Google Scholar
Guy, Gregory. 2004. Muitas línguas: The linguistic impact of Africans in colonial Brazil. In Enslaving connections: Changing cultures of Africa and Brazil during the era of slavery, ed. by Curto, José C. & Lovejoy, Paul E., 125–37. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books.Google Scholar
Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1974. External history of the Romance languages. New York: American Elsevier.Google Scholar
Harris, Tracy. 1994. Death of a language: The history of Judeo-Spanish. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press.Google Scholar
Holm, John. 1987. Creole influence on popular Brazilian Portuguese. In Pidgin and creole languages: Essays in memory of John E. Reinecke, ed. by Gilbert, Glenn, 406–29. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Holm, John. 1994. A semi-crioulização do português vernáculo do Brasil: evidência de contato nas expressões idiomáticas. Papia 3.2.51–61.Google Scholar
Holm, John. 2004. Languages in contact: The partial restructuring of vernaculars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holm, John. 2009. The genesis of the Brazilian vernacular: Insights from the indigenization of Portuguese in Angola. Papia 19.93–122.Google Scholar
Howren, Robert. 1962. The speech of Ocracoke, North Carolina. American Speech 37.3.163–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inverno, Liliana. 2009. A transisão de Angola para o português vernáculo: estudo morfossintático do sintagma nominal. In Português em contato, ed. by Carvalho, Ana Maria, 87–106. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Iribarren-Argaiz, Mary Carmen. 1993. La influencia del sustrato euskera en hispano-romance. Fontes Linguae Vasconum 64.385–413.Google Scholar
Iribarren-Argaiz, Mary Carmen. 1998. Influencia del vascuence en los cambios fonológicos del castellano: un caso de lenguas en contacto. Romance Quarterly 45.1.3–34.Google Scholar
Izzo, Herbert. 1972. Tuscan and Etruscan: The problem of linguistic substratum influence in central Italy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Bart. 2009. The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence. Diachronica 26.319–79.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Bart. 2012. Origins of a creole: The history of Papiamentu and its African ties. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Jiménez Sabater, Máximo. 1975. Más datos sobre el español en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Ediciones Intec.Google Scholar
Jon-And, Anna. 2010. Concordância variável de número no SN no português L2 de Moçambique – algumas explicações sociais e linguísticas. Revista de Crioulos de Base Lexical Portuguesa e Espanhola 2.28–50.Google Scholar
Jungemann, Frederick. 1955. La teoría del sustrato y los dialectos hispano-romances y gascones. Madrid: Gredos.Google Scholar
Klee, Carol. 1990. Spanish–Quechua language contact: The clitic pronoun system in Andean Spanish. Word 41.1.35–46.Google Scholar
Krivoshein de Canese, Natalia & Corvalán, Graziella. 1987. El español del Paraguay. Asunción: Centro Paraguayo de Estudios Sociológicos.Google Scholar
Landers, Jane. 1997. Africans in the Spanish colonies. Historical Archaeology 31.1.84–91.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1987. The Chota Valley: Afro-Hispanic language in highland Ecuador. Latin American Research Review 22.155–70.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1989. The speech of the negros Congos of Panama. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John. 1994b. A new perspective on Afro-Dominican Spanish: The Haitian contribution. Research Paper No. 26, University of New Mexico Latin American Institute.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1996. Contactos de criollos en el Caribe hispánico: contribuciones al español bozal. América Negra 11.31–60.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1998. El español de los braceros chinos y la problemática del lenguaje bozal. Montalbán 31.101–39.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1999a. Creole-to-creole contacts in the Spanish Caribbean: The genesis of Afro Hispanic language. Publications of the Afro-Latin American Research Association (PALARA) 3.5–46.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1999b. Chinese-Cuban pidgin Spanish: Implications for the Afro-creole debate. In Creole genesis, attitudes and discourse, ed. by Rickford, John & Romaine, Suzanne, 215–33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2002a. Epenthesis vs. elision in Afro-Iberian language: A constraint-based approach to creole phonology. In Current issues in Romance languages, ed. by Satterfield, Teresa, Tortora, Christina, & Cresti, Diana, 173–88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2002b. Contacto de criollos y la génesis del español (afro)caribeño. In La Romania americana: procesos lingüísticos en situaciones de contacto, ed. by Díaz, Norma, Ludwig, Ralph, & Pfänder, Stefan, 53–95. Frankfurt: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2004. Nuevas perspectivas sobre el español afrodominicano. In Pensamiento lingüístico sobre el Caribe insular hispánica, ed. by Bernal, Sergio Valdés, 505–52. Santo Domingo: Academia de Ciencias de la República Dominicana.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2005. A history of Afro-Hispanic language: Five centuries and five continents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2007. When and how does bozal Spanish survive? In Spanish in contact: Policy, social and linguistic inquiries, ed. by Potowski, Kim & Cameron, Richard, 359–75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2008a. Angola e Brasil: vínculos lingüísticos afrolusitanos. Veredas 9.83–98.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2008. Afro-Bolivian Spanish. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2008c. Afro-Choteño speech: Towards the (re)creation of a “Black Spanish.” Negritud 2.1.99–120.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2009. Tracing the origins of Panamanian Congo speech: The pathways of regional variation. Diachronica 26.380–407.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2011a. El habla de los Congos de Panamá en el contexto de la lingüística afrohispánica. Panama City: Instituto Nacional de Cultura.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2011b. El “nuevo” palenquero y el español afroboliviano: ¿Es reversible la descriollización? In Selected proceedings of the 13th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, ed. by Ortiz-López, Luis, 1–16. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2013. ¿Qué diciendo nomás? Tracing the sources of the Andean Spanish gerund. Spanish in Context 10.227–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John. 2014a. Syncretic discourse markers in Kichwa-influenced Spanish: Transfer vs. emergence. Lingua 151.216–39.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2014b. The many facets of Spanish dialect diversification in Latin America. In Iberian imperialism and language evolution in Latin America, ed. by Mufwene, Salikoko, 38–75. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John. 2015a. Colliding vowel systems in Andean Spanish: Carryovers and emergent properties. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5.91–121.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2015b. La reconstrucción de los primeros contactos lingüísticos afrohispánicos: la importancia de las comunidades de habla contemporáneas. In Dinâmicas Afro-Latinas, ed. by de Avelar, Juanito Ornelas and Álvarez López, Laura, 93–125. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2016. On the tenacity of Andean Spanish: Intra-community recycling. In Spanish language and sociolinguistic analysis, ed. by Sessarego, Sandro & Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando, 109–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Llorente, María Luisa. 1994. Materiales para el estudio del patois de Güiria. Licenciatura (bachelor’s) thesis, Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, Caracas.Google Scholar
Llorente, María. Luisa. 1995. El patois de Güria: una lengua criolla del estado Sucre. Montalbán 28.7–19.Google Scholar
Lobato, Lúcia Maria Pinheiro. 2005. Sobre a questão da influência ameríndia na formação do português do Brasil. In Língua, gramática e discurso, ed. by da Silva, Denize Elena Garcia, 54–86. Goiânia: Editorial/Grupo de Estudos da Linguagem do Centro-Oeste.Google Scholar
Lucchesi, Dante, Baxter, Alan, & Ribeiro, Ilza (eds.). 2009. O português afro-brasileiro. Salvador: EDUFBA.Google Scholar
Luján, Marta. 1987. Clitic doubling in Andean Spanish and the theory of case absorption. In Language and language use: Studies in Spanish, ed. by Morgan, Terrell, Lee, James, & Van Patten, Bill, 109–21. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Luján, Marta, Minaya, Liliana, & Sankoff, David. 1981. El principio de consistencia universal en el habla de los niños bilingües peruanos. Lexis 5.95–110.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 1995. The scarcity of Spanish-based creoles. Language in Society 24.213–44.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 1997. It happened at Cormantin: Locating the origin of the Atlantic English-based creoles. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 12.59–102.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 2000. The missing Spanish creoles: Recovering the birth of plantation contact languages. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Marques, Irene Guerra. 1983. Algumas considerações sobre a problemática lingüística em Angola. In Actas do Congresso sobre a situação actual da língua portuguesa no mundo I, 205–23. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa.Google Scholar
Martínez Gordo, Isabel. 1983. Sobre la hipótesis de un patois cubano. Anuario L/L 14.160–9.Google Scholar
Martínez Gordo, Isabel. 1985. Situaciones de bilingüismo en Cuba. Anuario L/L 16.334–44.Google Scholar
Megenney, Willliam. 1990. Africa en Santo Domingo: la herencia lingüística. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre Dominicano.Google Scholar
Meliá, Bartomeu. 1974. Hacia una “tercera lengua” en el Paraguay. Estudios Paraguayos 2.2.31–72.Google Scholar
Mello, Heliana Ribeiro de. 1996. The genesis and development of vernacular Brazilian Portuguese. PhD dissertation, CUNY, New York.Google Scholar
Mello, Heliana Ribeiro de. 2014. African descendants’ rural vernacular Portuguese and its contribution to understanding the development of Brazilian Portuguese. In Iberian imperialism and language evolution in Latin America, ed. by Mufwene, Salikoko S., 168–85. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mello, Heliana Ribeiro de, Baxter, Alan, Holm, John, & Megenney, William. 1998. O português vernáculo do Brasil. In América negra: panorámica actual de los estudios lingüísticos sobre variedades hispanas, portuguesas y criollas, ed. by Perl, Matthias & Schwegler, Armin, 71–137. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Moreno Fraginals, Manuel. 1977. Africa in Cuba: A quantitative analysis of the African population in the island of Cuba. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 292.1.187–201.Google Scholar
Morton, Thomas. 2005. Sociolinguistic variation and language change in El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia). PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Munteanu, Dan. 1991. El Papiamento, origen, evolucion y estructura. Bochum: Brockmeyer.Google Scholar
Murray, David R. 1971. Statistics of the slave trade to Cuba, 1790–1867. Journal of Latin American Studies 3.2.131–49.Google Scholar
Narbona, Antonio, Caño, Rafael, & Murillo, Ramón. 1998. El español hablado en Andalucía. Barcelona: Ariel.Google Scholar
Naro, Anthony & Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 2000. Variable concord in Portuguese: The situation in Brazil and Portugal. In Language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles, ed. by McWhorter, John, 235–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Naro, Anthony & Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 2007. Origens do português brasileiro. São Paulo: Parábola.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, Luis. 1998. Huellas etno-sociolingüísticas bozales y afrocubanas. Frankfurt: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, Luis. 1999a. El español haitiano en Cuba y su relación con el habla bozal. In Lenguas criollos de base lexical española y portuguesa, ed. by Zimmermann, Klaus, 177–203. Frankfurt: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, Luis. 1999b. La variante hispánica haitianizada en Cuba: otro rostro del contacto lingüístico en el Caribe. In Estudios de lingüística hispánica: homenaje a María Vaquera, ed. by Morales, Amparo, 428–56. Río Piedras: Editorial de la UPR.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, Luis. 2001. El sistema verbal del español haitiano en Cuba: implicaciones para las lenguas en contacto en el Caribe. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 20.175–92.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, Luis. 2010. El español y el criollo haitiano: contacto lingüístico y adquisición de segunda lengua. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Parkvall, Mikael & Álvarez López, Laura. 2003. Português vernáculo brasilero e a hipótese da semi-crioulização. Revista da ABRALIN 2.1.111–52.Google Scholar
Penny, Ralph. 1993. Neutralization of voice in Spanish and the outcome of the Old Spanish sibilants: A case of phonological change rooted in morphology. In Hispanic linguistic studies in hour of F.W. Hodcroft, ed. by Mackenzie, David & Michael, Ian, 75–88. Llangrannog: Dolphin.Google Scholar
Penny, Ralph. 2000. Variation and change in Spanish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pérez, Danae. 2015. Traces of Portuguese in Afro-Yungueño Spanish? Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 30.307–43.Google Scholar
Pérez Inofuentes, María Danae. 2010. Las huellas de África en Bolivia: El habla afaroyungueña. MA thesis, University of Zürich.Google Scholar
Pérez Silva, Jorge, Acurio, Jorge, & Benedezú, Raúl. 2008. Contra el prejuicio lingüístico de la motosidad. Un estudio de las vocales del castellano andino desde la fonética acústica. Lima: Instituto Riva-Agüero, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.Google Scholar
Pope, Mildred Katherine. 1966. From Latin to modern French: With especial consideration of Anglo-Norman; phonology and morphology. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Ramón y Rivera, Luis Felipe. 1971. La música afrovenezolana. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela, Imprenta Universitaria.Google Scholar
Roegiest, Eugeen. 2006. Vers les sources des langues romanes: un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania. Leuven: Acco.Google Scholar
Ruíz García, Marta. 2000. El español popular del Chocó: evidencia de una reestructuración parcial. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.Google Scholar
Sánchez, Liliana. 2003. Quechua-Spanish bilingualism: Interference and convergence in functional categories. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 2001. Phrase-level parallelism effect on noun phrase number agreement. Language Variation and Change 13.91–107.Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 1996. La doble negación dominicana y la génesis del español caribeño. Hispanic Linguistics 8.247–315.Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 2013a. Palenquero. In The atlas and survey of pidgin and creole language structures, vol. 2: Portuguese-based, Spanish-based and French-based languages, ed. by Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin, & Huber, Magnus, 182–92. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 2013b. Palenquero structure data set. In The atlas of pidgin and creole language structures online, ed. by Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin, & Huber, Magnus, chapter 28. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. (Available at http://apics-online.info/contributions/48, accessed November 26, 2018.)Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin & Morton, Thomas. 2005. Vernacular Spanish in a microcosm: Kateyano in El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia). Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 1.97–159.Google Scholar
Siegel, Jeff. 1993. Dialect contact and koineization. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 99.105–21.Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013a. Chota Valley Spanish. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert.Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013b. On the non-creole basis for Afro-Bolivian Spanish. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28.363–407.Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2017. Chocó Spanish double negation and the genesis of the Afro-Hispanic dialects of the Americas. Diachronica 34.219–52.Google Scholar
Suñer, Margarita & Yépez, María. 1988. Null definite objects in Quiteño. Linguistic Inquiry 19.511–19.Google Scholar
Symeonidis, Haralambos. 2013. Análisis sociolingüístico del leísmo en el español paraguayo. Revista Internacional d’Humanitat 27.55–68.Google Scholar
Tarallo, Fernando. 1988. Discussing the alleged creole origin of Brazilian Portuguese: Targeted vs. untargetted syntactic changes. Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 15.137–61.Google Scholar
Thomas, Erik R. 2003. Secrets revealed by Southern vowel shifting. American Speech 78.2.150–70.Google Scholar
Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline. 2002. Focus on clefts in Dominican Spanish. In Structure, meaning, and acquisition in Spanish, ed. by Lee, James, Geeslin, Kimberly, & Clements, Joseph Clancy, 130–46. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Torreblanca, Máximo. 1984. La “f” prerromana y la vasca en su relación con el español antiguo. Romance philology 37.273–81.Google Scholar
Usher de Herreros, Beatriz. 1976. Castellano paraguayo: notas para una gramática contrastiva castellano–guaraní. Suplemento Antropológico (Asunción, Universidad Católica) 11.1–2.29–123.Google Scholar
Utrilla, José María Enguita. 1984. Notas sobre los diminutivos en el espacio geográfico aragonés. Archivo de filología aragonesa 34.229–50.Google Scholar
Walsh, Thomas. 1985. The historical origin of syllable-final aspirated /s/ in dialectal Spanish. Journal of Hispanic Philology 9.231–46.Google Scholar
Welti, María Cristina R. de. 1979. Bilingüismo en el Paraguay: los límites de la comunicación. Revista Paraguaya de Sociología 16.46.63–97.Google Scholar
Williams, Edwin. 1962. From Latin to Portuguese, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Roger. 1982. Late Latin and early Romance in Spain and Carolingian France. Liverpool: F. Cairns.Google Scholar
Zdrojewski, Pablo & Sánchez, Liliana. 2014. Variation in accusative clitic doubling across three Spanish dialects. Lingua 151.162–76.Google Scholar