Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Maps Volume II
- Figures Volume II
- Tables Volume II
- Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part One Multilingualism
- Part Two Contact, Emergence, and Language Classification
- Part Three Lingua Francas
- Part Four Language Vitality
- Part Five Contact and Language Structures
- 22 Structural Outcomes of Language Contact
- 23 The Emergence of Andean Spanish: Against the Odds
- 24 Contact between English and Norman in the Channel Islands
- Author Index
- Language Index
- Subject Index
- References
24 - Contact between English and Norman in the Channel Islands
from Part Five - Contact and Language Structures
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 June 2022
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Maps Volume II
- Figures Volume II
- Tables Volume II
- Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part One Multilingualism
- Part Two Contact, Emergence, and Language Classification
- Part Three Lingua Francas
- Part Four Language Vitality
- Part Five Contact and Language Structures
- 22 Structural Outcomes of Language Contact
- 23 The Emergence of Andean Spanish: Against the Odds
- 24 Contact between English and Norman in the Channel Islands
- Author Index
- Language Index
- Subject Index
- References
Summary
The sociolinguistic situation of the Channel Islands has meant that English has been spoken there alongside the native language, Norman, for several centuries, albeit in a diglossic relationship, with English assuming “High” functions (administration, legislation, education, media, and so forth) and Norman “Low” functions (familiar discourse with family and friends). The fact that, today, all speakers of the three extant varieties of Insular Norman (Jèrriais, Guernesiais, and Sercquiais) are also fluent in English has had far-reaching linguistic consequences in that the Norman spoken in the Channel Islands has diverged from the varieties spoken on the French mainland, and distinctive local varieties of Channel Island English have developed. Based on original data, this chapter provides an overview of the sociolinguistic setting that gave rise to this language contact and discusses some representative examples of contact-induced influence in the lexis, phonology, and morphosyntax of both Channel Island Norman and Channel Island English.
Keywords
GuernseyJerseySarkChannel IslandsEnglishNormanlanguage contactborrowinglexisphonologymorphosyntaxlanguage obsolescencelanguage planninglanguage revitalizationurban contact dialectsmultilingual mixed languagescontact-induced changecontact-facilitated changestandard language ideologymonolingual habitusethnicity
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language ContactVolume 2: Multilingualism in Population Structure, pp. 635 - 654Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
Anonymous. 1846. Guernsey – its present state and future prospects. Dublin University Magazine 28.624–34, cited in Crossan 2005.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1847. The Channel Islands or a peep at our neighbours. In Guernsey in Queen Victoria’s reign, ed. by Cox, James Stevens, 5–23. Guernsey: Toucan Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Ansted, David T. & Latham, Robert G.. 1893. The Channel Islands, 3rd ed., rev. by Nicolle, E. Toulmin. London: W.H. Allen.Google Scholar
Appel, René & Muysken, Pieter. 1993. Language contact and bilingualism. London: Arnold. (1st ed. 1987.)Google Scholar
Berruto, Gaetano. 2005. Dialect/standard convergence, mixing, and models of language contact: The case of Italy. In Dialect change: Convergence and divergence in European languages, ed. by Auer, Peter, Hinskens, Frans, & Kerswill, Paul, 81–95. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Birt, Paul. 1985. Lé Jèrriais pour tous. A complete course on the Jersey language. Jersey: Don Balleine.Google Scholar
Bougourd., J. Le M. 1897. Our insular dialect. Transactions of the Guernsey Society of Natural Science and Local Research 3.183–92.Google Scholar
Brasseur, Patrice. 1977. Le français dans les îles anglo-normandes. Travaux de Linguistique et de Littérature 16.97–104.Google Scholar
Brasseur, Patrice. 1998. La survie du dialecte normand et du français dans les iles anglo-normandes: remarques sociolinguistiques. Plurilinguismes 15.133–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunting, Madeleine. 1996. The model occupation. The Channel Islands under German rule 1940–1945. London: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Conwell, Marilyn & Juilland, Alphonse. 1963. Louisiana French grammar. Volume 1: Phonology, morphology and syntax. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Crossan, Rose-Marie. 2005. The retreat of French from Guernsey’s public primary schools, 1800–1939. Report and Transactions of La Société Guernesiaise 25.5.851–88.Google Scholar
Dimmendaal, Gerrit. 1992. Reduction in Kore reconsidered. In Language death. Factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, ed. by Brenzinger, Matthias, 117–35. Berlin & New York: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Dorian, Nancy C. 1981. Language death: The life cycle of a Scottish Gaelic dialect. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewen, Alfred H. & de Carteret, Allan R. 1969. The fief of Sark. Guernsey: The Guernsey Press Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Fox, Cynthia A. 1998. Le transfert linguistique et la réduction morphologique: le genre dans le français de Cohoes. In Français d’Amérique: variation, créolisation, normalisation, ed. by Brasseur, Patrice, 61–74. Avignon: Centre d’Etudes Canadiennes, Université d’Avignon.Google Scholar
Fox, Cynthia A. 2005. La variation syntaxique à Woonsocket: ébauche d’une grammaire du franco-américain. In Français d’Amérique: approches morphosyntaxiques, ed. by Brasseur, Patrice & Falkert, Anika, 39–48. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Gadet, Françoise. 1992. Le français populaire. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Grenoble, Lenore A. & Whaley, Lindsay J.. 2006. Saving languages: An introduction to language revitalisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Highfield, Arnold R. 1979. The French dialect of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands: A descriptive grammar with texts and glossary. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Hull, Alexander. 1956. The French Canadian dialect of Windsor, Ontario: A preliminary study. Orbis 5.35–60.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 1998. Language obsolescence and revitalisation. Linguistic change in two sociolinguistically contrasting Welsh communities. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2000. The subjunctive in Guernsey Norman French. Journal of French Language Studies 10.2.177–203.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2001. Jersey Norman French: A linguistic study of an obsolescent dialect (Publications of the Philological Society, 34). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2002. Mette a haout dauve la grippe des Angllaïs: Convergence on the island of Guernsey. In Language change: The interplay of internal, external and extra-linguistic factors, ed. by Jones, Mari C. & Esch, Edith, 143–68. Berlin & New York: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2005a. Some social and structural correlates of intrasentential code-switching in Jersey Norman French. Journal of French Language Studies 15.1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2005b. Transfer and changing linguistic norms in Jersey Norman French. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8.2.159–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2008. The Guernsey Norman French translations of Thomas Martin: A linguistic study of an unpublished archive (Orbis Supplementa, 31). Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2010. Channel Island English. In The lesser-known varieties of English, ed. by Schreier, Daniel, Trudgill, Peter, Schneider, Edgar W., & Williams, Jeffrey P., 35–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2012. Variation and change in Sark Norman French. Transactions of the Philological Society 110.2.149–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2015a. Variation and change in Mainland and Insular Norman. A study of superstrate influence. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Jones, Mari C. 2015b. Auregnais: Insular Norman’s invisible relative. Transactions of the Philological Society 113.3.349–62.Google Scholar
Joret, Charles. 1883. Des caractères et de l’extension du patois normand. Paris: Vieweg.Google Scholar
Le Maistre, Frank. 1982. The language of Auregny/La langue normande d’Auregny booklet and cassette recording. Jersey: Don Balleine.Google Scholar
Le Patourel, John. 1937. The medieval administration of the Channel Islands 1199–1399. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Charles. 1983. Languages in contact in western China. Papers in East Asian Languages 1.31–51. Cited in Thomason & Kaufman 1988.Google Scholar
Liddicoat, Anthony J. 1994. A grammar of the Norman French of the Channel Islands. The dialects of Jersey and Sark. Berlin & New York: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Mougeon, Raymond & Beniak, Edouard. 1991. Linguistic consequences of language contact and restriction. The case of French in Ontario, Canada. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 2002. Contact linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niederehe, Hans-Josef. 1991. Quelques aspects de la morphologie franco-terreneuvienne. In Français du Canada – Français de France, ed. by Horiot, Brigitte, 161–72. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Ogier, Darryl M. 2005. The government and law of Guernsey. Guernsey: States of Guernsey.Google Scholar
Péronnet, Louise. 1989. Le parler acadien du sud-est du Nouveau Brunswick: éléments grammaticaux et lexicaux. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Ramisch, Heinrich. 1989. The variation of English in Guernsey, Channel Islands. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Ramisch, Heinrich. 1994. English in Jersey. In Regional variation, colloquial and standard languages, ed. by Viereck, Wolfgang, 452–62. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
Ramisch, Heinrich. 2007. English in the Channel Islands. In Language in the British Isles, ed. by Britain, David, 176–82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosen, Anna. 2014. Grammatical variation and change in Jersey English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Rottet, Kevin J. 2005. Variation et étiolement en français cadien. In Le français en Amérique du Nord, ed. by Valdman, Albert, Auger, Julie, & Piston-Hatten, Deborah, 243–60. Sainte-Foy : Presses de l’Université de Laval.Google Scholar
Sjøgren, Albert. 1964. Les parlers bas-normands de l’île de Guernsey. I: Lexique français-guernesiais. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Thogmartin, Clyde O. 1979. Old Mines, Missouri et la survivance du français dans la haute vallée de Mississippi. In Le Français hors de la France, ed. by Valdman, Albert, 111–18. Paris: Champion.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah G. & Kaufman, Terrence. 1988. Language contact, creolisation, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles, CA, & Oxford: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, Harry. 1981. Le Guernesiais – étude grammaticale et lexicale du parler normand de l’île de Guernesey. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, Harry. 2008. A descriptive grammar of Guernsey French. Guernsey: Melody Press.Google Scholar
Venne, Roger & Allez, Geoffrey. 1992. Alderney annals. Alderney: The Alderney Society.Google Scholar
Viereck, Wolfgang. 1988. The Channel Islands: An anglicist’s no man’s land. In Essays on the English language and applied linguistics on the occasion of Gerard Nickel’s 60th birthday, ed. by Klergraf, Josef & Nehls, Dietrich, 468–78. Heidelberg: Julius Gros.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel. 1964 [1953]. Languages in contact. London, The Hague, & Paris: Mouton.Google Scholar