The threat to democracy in India after the 2019 reelection of Narendra Modi as Prime Minister is unprecedented since the country’s independence. This chapter argues that Modi is not only an undemocratic leader, but that his authoritarian hardline Hindu supremacist methods of rule are also unambiguously anti-Labor. Unions face the monumental challenge of expanding their base to include the informal sector, contract labor, and the soaring ranks of the unemployed in the face of severe political and legal constraints. A deep transformation of union culture, institutional framework, and modes of operation are essential to reclaim democracy in twenty-first century India.