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13 - An Integrated, Dynamic Functional Connectome Underlies Intelligence

from Part III - Neuroimaging Methods and Findings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2021

Aron K. Barbey
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Sherif Karama
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Richard J. Haier
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
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Summary

Intelligence is an elusive concept. For well over a century, what exactly intelligence is and how best to measure it has been debated (see Sternberg & Kaufman, 2011). In one predominant factorization of the components of intelligence it is separated into fluid and crystalized categories, with fluid intelligence measuring one’s reasoning and problem-solving ability, and crystallized intelligence measuring lifetime knowledge (Cattell, 1971). Influential theories of intelligence, particularly fluid intelligence, have proposed that aspects of cognitive control, most notably working memory, are the drivers of intelligent behavior (Conway, Getz, Macnamara, & Engel de Abreu, 2011; Conway, Kane, & Engle, 2003; Kane & Engle, 2002; Kovacs & Conway, 2016). More specifically, it is thought that the control aspect of working memory, the central executive proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974), is the basis for the types of cognitive processes tapped by intelligence assessments (Conway et al., 2003; Kane & Engle, 2002). It has further been proposed that the control process underlying intelligence may not be a single process, but instead a cluster of domain-general control processes, including attentional control, interference resolution, updating of relevant information, and others (Conway et al., 2011; Kovacs & Conway, 2016). Here, we focus on what we have learned about how intelligence emerges from brain function, taking the perspective that cognitive control ability and intelligence are supported by similar brain mechanisms, namely integration, efficiency, and plasticity. These mechanisms are best investigated using brain network methodology. From a network neuroscience perspective, integration refers to interactions across distinct brain networks; efficiency refers to the speed at which information can be transferred across the brain; and plasticity refers to the ability of brain networks to reconfigure, or rearrange, into an organization that is optimal for the current context. Therefore, we review relevant literature relating brain network function to both intelligence and cognitive control, as well as literature relating intelligence to cognitive control. Given the strong link between fluid intelligence, in particular, and cognitive control, we focus mainly on literature probing fluid intelligence in this chapter.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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