The concept of implicit bias – the idea that the unconscious mind might hold and use negative evaluations of social groups that cannot be documented via explicit measures of prejudice – is a hot topic in the social and behavioral sciences. It has also become a part of popular culture, while interventions to reduce implicit bias have been introduced in police forces, educational settings, and workplaces. Yet researchers still have much to understand about this phenomenon. Bringing together a diverse range of scholars to represent a broad spectrum of views, this handbook documents the current state of knowledge and proposes directions for future research in the field of implicit bias measurement. It is essential reading for those who wish to alleviate bias, discrimination, and inter-group conflict, including academics in psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, as well as government agencies, non-governmental organizations, corporations, judges, lawyers, and activists.

‘Science aims to be self-critical. This Handbook presents an unprecedented number of alternative theories and analyses of implicit bias and racism. Proponents have a free hand to speak to the strengths of their approach; critics to call out weaknesses; putting readers in a unique position to form independent judgements of both the research and public presentations of the research.’

Paul Sniderman - Fairleigh S. Dickinson Jr. Professor, Stanford University