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14 - The Parasite-Stress Theory of Cultural Values and Sociality

from Part IV - Group Living

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2020

By
Randy Thornhill  and
Corey L. Fincher
Edited by
Lance Workman ,
Will Reader  and
Jerome H. Barkow
Lance Workman
Affiliation:
University of South Wales
Will Reader
Affiliation:
Sheffield Hallam University
Jerome H. Barkow
Affiliation:
Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia
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Summary

The parasite-stress theory of values or sociality is a recent, encompassing perspective in human social psychology and behavior. As an ecological and evolutionary theory of peoples’ cultural values/core preferences, it applies widely across many domains of human social life and human affairs. It is a general theory of human culture and sociality. Fundamental to the theory is the behavioral immune system. The human behavioral immune system includes: psychological traits and manifest behaviors for avoiding contact with infectious diseases; behaviors of in-group social preference, altruism, alliance, and conformity that manage the negative effects of infectious diseases; mate choice to increase personal and offspring defense against parasites; culinary behavior; and components of personality. The contagion-avoidance aspect of behavioral immunity is much more than out-group avoidance and dislike (xenophobia). It also includes the preference for the natal or local region (philopatry) and hence avoidance of foreignness in people and places where novel parasites may occur. The parasite-stress theory has produced a cornucopia of newly discovered patterns and informed and reinterpreted previously described patterns in the behavior of individuals and at the level of cultures/societies and regions. In novel ways, it informs and synthesizes knowledge of major features of the social lives and societal-level affairs of people, ranging from prejudice and egalitarianism to personality, economic patterns, core values, interpersonal and intergroup violence, governmental systems, gender relations, family structure, and the genesis and maintenance of cultural diversity across the world.

Keywords

behavioral immune systemcollectivismconservatisminfectious diseaseliberalismparasitessexual selection
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior , pp. 167 - 178
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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