Cultural-historical theory usually comes to the fore as the foundation of developmental psychology and educational psychology. This chapter summarizes the main tenets of the Cultural-historical theory which provides us with concepts and methods of the process of psychotherapy. The theory considers the human mind to be the product of the historically evolved culture of a society. The chapter discusses the psychological function of a talisman. Talismans are often used by people whose activity is connected with a heightened risk. The cultural-historical approach takes into account both the micro culture of the social group and the age group to which the clients belong, and the culture and value system of society as a whole. The cultural-historical approach is particularly fit for child psychotherapy. It adopts the systematic modification of therapeutic depending on the goal and stage of the psychotherapy.