Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:15:31.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Gender Differences in Creativity and Emotions

from Part III - Emotions and the Creative Person

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2023

Zorana Ivcevic
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
Jessica D. Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Get access

Summary

Gender differences in creativity and gender differences in emotions are both research topics for which existing literature is inconclusive. Although empirical evidence in both areas points to minimal gender differences overall, the results of individual studies are inconsistent and sometimes conflicting. This chapter provides an overview of research examining gender differences in creativity and gender differences in emotions, highlighting how discrepant findings may be due, in part, to distinct characteristics of the studies (e.g., which indicators of creativity or emotions are assessed). Understanding in which contexts gender differences in creativity and emotions are more – or less – likely to be found is essential for identifying how these two lines of research may relate to one another. How the two may be reciprocally linked is outlined by answering the question: What does research showing an emotions-creativity link mean for gender differences in creativity and emotions?

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, A. (2016). Gender and creativity: An overview of psychological and neuroscientific literature. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 10(2), 609618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-015-9410-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmetoglu, G., Harding, X., Akhtar, R., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2015). Predictors of creative achievement: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial potential, perfectionism, and employee engagement. Creativity Research Journal, 27(2), 198205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2015.1030293Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M. (1982). Social psychology of creativity: A consensual assessment technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(5), 9971013. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, G. F., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.529CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 779806. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012815Google Scholar
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2011). When prevention promotes creativity: The role of mood, regulatory focus, and regulatory closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 794809. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022981Google Scholar
Baer, J. (1997). Gender differences in the effects of anticipated evaluation on creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 10, 2531. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1001_3Google Scholar
Baer, J. (1998). Gender differences in the effects of extrinsic motivation on creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 32(1), 1837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1998.tb00804.xGoogle Scholar
Baer, J., & Kaufman, J. C. (2008). Gender differences in creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 42(2), 75105. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2008.tb01289.xGoogle Scholar
Barbot, B. (2018). The dynamics of creative ideation: Introducing a new assessment paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02529CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbot, B. (2020). Creativity and self-esteem in adolescence: A study of their domain-specific, multivariate relationships. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(2), 279292. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.365Google Scholar
Barbot, B., & Lubart, T. (2012). Creative thinking in music: Its nature and assessment through musical exploratory behaviors. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(3), 231242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027307Google Scholar
Barrett, L. F., & Bliss-Moreau, E. (2009). She’s emotional. He’s having a bad day: Attributional explanations for emotion stereotypes. Emotion, 9(5), 649658. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016821Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beedie, C. J., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2005). Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 847878. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930541000057Google Scholar
Bender, S. W., Nibbelink, B., Towner-Thyrum, E., & Vredenburg, D. (2013). Defining characteristics of creative women. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 3847. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2013.752190Google Scholar
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Kerschenbauer, K., Anderwald, R., & Grond, L. (2017). Creating art: An experience sampling study in the domain of moving image art. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(3), 325334. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000102Google Scholar
Bertsch McGrayne, S. (1993). Nobel Prize women in science: Their lives, struggles, and momentous discoveries. American Journal of Physics, 61, 12. Joseph Henry Press. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.17318Google Scholar
Besemer, S. P., & Treffinger, D. J. (1981). Analysis of creative products: Review and synthesis. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 15(3), 158178. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1981.tb00287.xGoogle Scholar
Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J. A., et al. (2016). Age and gender differences in self-esteem – A cross-cultural window. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396410. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000078Google Scholar
Blier, M. J., & Blier-Wilson, L. A. (1989). Gender differences in self-rated emotional expressiveness. Sex Roles, 21(3–4), 287295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289908Google Scholar
Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. A. (2008). Gender and emotion in context. In Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J. M., & Feldman Barrett, L. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (3rd ed., pp. 395408). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bujacz, A., Dunne, S., Fink, D., et al. (2016). Why do we enjoy creative tasks? Results from a multigroup randomized controlled study. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 19, 188197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2015.11.002Google Scholar
Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2005). Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire. Creativity Research Journal, 14(1), 3750. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1701Google Scholar
Chan, D. W., & Zhao, Y. (2010). The relationship between drawing skill and artistic creativity: Do age and artistic involvement make a difference? Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), 2736. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410903579528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 735765. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030737Google Scholar
Chermahini, S. A., & Hommel, B. (2012). Creative mood swings: Divergent and convergent thinking affect mood in opposite ways. Psychological Research, 76(5), 634640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0358-zGoogle Scholar
Conner, T. S., DeYoung, C. G., & Silvia, P. J. (2018). Everyday creative activity as a path to flourishing. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(2), 181189. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1257049Google Scholar
Conner, T. S., & Silvia, P. J. (2015). Creative days: A daily diary study of emotion, personality, and everyday creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 463470. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000022Google Scholar
Conti, R., Collins, M. A., & Picariello, M. L. (2001). The impact of competition on intrinsic motivation and creativity: Considering gender, gender segregation and gender role orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(8), 12731289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00217-8Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322331. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322Google Scholar
Cotter, K. N., & Silvia, P. J. (2019). Ecological assessment in research on aesthetics, creativity, and the arts: Basic concepts, common questions, and gentle warnings. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 13(2), 211217. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The Systems Model of Creativity: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Springer Science+Business Media. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-017-9085-7Google Scholar
De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: Toward a dual pathway to creativity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5), 739756. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739Google Scholar
DeMoss, K., Milich, R., & DeMers, S. (1993). Gender, creativity, depression, and attributional style in adolescents with high academic ability. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21(4), 455467. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261604Google Scholar
Diedrich, J., Jauk, E., Silvia, P. J., et al. (2018). Assessment of real-life creativity: The Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements (ICAA). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 12(3), 304316. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000137Google Scholar
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1985). Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 542546. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.3.542CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dollinger, S. J. (2003). Need for uniqueness, need for cognition, and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 37(2), 99116. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2003.tb00828.xGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3–4), 169200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068Google Scholar
Elisondo, R. C. (2021). Creative Actions Scale: A Spanish scale of creativity in different domains. Journal of Creative Behavior, 55(1), 215227. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.447Google Scholar
Elisondo, R. C., & Vargas, A. (2019). Women’s everyday creative activities: A qualitative study. Creativity, 6(1), 91111. https://doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2019-0006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman Barrett, L. (1997). The relationships among momentary emotion experiences, personality descriptions, and retrospective ratings of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(10), 11001110. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672972310010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman Barrett, L., Robin, L., Pietromonaco, P. R., & Eyssell, K. M. (1998). Are women the “more emotional” sex? Evidence from emotional experiences in social context. Cognition and Emotion, 12(4), 555578. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379565Google Scholar
Fischer, A. H., & Evers, C. (2010). Anger in the context of gender. In Potegal, M., Stemmler, G., & Spielberger, C. (Eds.), International Handbook of Anger: Constituent and Concomitant Biological, Psychological, and Social Processes (pp. 349360). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Personality processes and individual differences: Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: The case for emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 427434. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.427Google Scholar
Gilet, A. L., & Jallais, C. (2011). Valence, arousal and word associations. Cognition and Emotion, 25(4), 740746. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.500480Google Scholar
Glăveanu, V., Lubart, T., Bonnardel, N., et al. (2013). Creativity as action: Findings from five creative domains. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(April), 114. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00176Google Scholar
Glǎveanu, V. P. (2013). Rewriting the language of creativity: The five A’s framework. Review of General Psychology, 17(1), 6981. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029528Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348Google Scholar
Grossman, M., & Wood, W. (1993). Sex differences in emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 10101022.Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1956). The structure of intellect. Psychological Bulletin, 53(4), 267293. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040755Google Scholar
Halperin, J. (2017). The 4 glass ceilings: How women artists get stiffed at every stage of their careers. Artnet News, 1–17. https://news.artnet.com/market/art-market-study-1179317?utm_content=from_&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Europe December 18&utm_term=New Euro %2B Newsletter ListGoogle Scholar
Halperin, J., & Burns, C. (2019). Museums claim they’re paying more attention to female artists. That’s an illusion. Artnet News, 1–13. https://news.artnet.com/womens-place-in-the-art-world/womens-place-art-world-museums-1654714?utm_content=from_&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=News Sunday 9/22/19&utm_term=artnet News Daily Newsletter USEGoogle Scholar
Hassler, M., Nieschlag, E., & De La Motte, D. (1990). Creative musical talent, cognitive functioning, and gender: Psychobiological Aspects. Music Perception, 8(1), 3548. https://doi.org/10.2307/40285484Google Scholar
He, W. (2018). A 4-year longitudinal study of the sex-creativity relationship in childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood: Findings of mean and variability analyses. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 114. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02331Google Scholar
He, W., & Wong, W. (2011). Gender differences in creative thinking revisited: Findings from analysis of variability. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(7), 807811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.027Google Scholar
He, W., Wong, W., & Hui, A. N. (2015). Gender differences in means and variability on creative thinking: Patterns in childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. In Tan, A.-G. & Perleth, C. (Eds.), Creativity, Culture, and Development (pp. 8598). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-636-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helson, R. (1999). A longitudinal study of creative personality in women. Creativity Research Journal, 12(2), 89101. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1202_2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, U., Senécal, S., Kirouac, G., et al. (2000). Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions. Cognition & Emotion, 14(5), 609642. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930050117648Google Scholar
Hocevar, D. (1979, April 12–14). Measurement of creativity: Review and critique. [Conference presentation]. Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, Denver, CO, United States.Google Scholar
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 11221131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122Google Scholar
Isen, A. M., Johnson, M. M. S., Mertz, E., & Robinson, G. F. (1985). The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 14131426. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1413Google Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Hoffmann, J. (2019). Emotions and creativity. In Kaufman, J. C. & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (2nd ed., pp. 273295). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Richardson, E. N., & Potter, L. (2015). Self-reported creative ability and the Dark Triad traits: An exploratory study. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 488494. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000037Google Scholar
Ju, C., Duan, Y., & You, X. (2015). Retesting the greater male variability hypothesis in mainland China: A cross-regional study. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 8589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.021Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., Jankowska, D. M., Gajda, A., et al. (2016). Greater male variability in creativity outside the WEIRD world. Creativity Research Journal, 28(4), 467470. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1229978Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., Jankowska, D. M., Gralewski, J., et al. (2016). Greater male variability in creativity: A latent variables approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 159166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.10.005Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C., Baer, J., & Gentile, C. A. (2004). Differences in gender and ethnicity as measured by ratings of three writing tasks. Journal of Creative Behavior, 38(1), 5669. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2004.tb01231.xGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, J. C., Niu, W., Sexton, J. D., & Cole, J. C. (2010). In the eye of the beholder: Differences across ethnicity and gender in evaluating creative work. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(2), 496511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00584.xGoogle Scholar
Kellner, R., & Benedek, M. (2017). The role of creative potential and intelligence for humor production. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(1), 5258. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., & Michael, W. B. (1995). The relationship of creativity measures to school achievement and to preferred learning and thinking style in a sample of Korean high school students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(1), 6074. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055001006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 686703. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.686Google Scholar
Kwaśniewska, J., & Nȩcka, E. (2004). Perception of the climate for creativity in the workplace: The role of the level in the organization and gender. Creativity and Innovation Management, 13(3), 187196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-1690.2004.00308.xGoogle Scholar
Lau, S., & Cheung, P. C. (2010). Developmental trends of creativity: What twists of turn do boys and girls take at different grades? Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), 329336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2010.503543Google Scholar
Lau, S., & Cheung, P. C. (2015). A gender-fair look at variability in creativity: Growth in variability over a period versus gender comparison at a time point. Creativity Research Journal, 27(1), 8795. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2015.992685Google Scholar
Leaper, C., & Friedman, C. (2007). The socialization of gender. Handbook of Socialisation: Theory and Research (August), 561–587. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2006-23344-022Google Scholar
Lebuda, I., & Karwowski, M. (2013). Tell me your name and I’ll tell you how creative your work is: Author’s name and gender as factors influencing assessment of products’ creativity in four different domains. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 137142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2013.752297Google Scholar
Luksyte, A., Unsworth, K. L., & Avery, D. R. (2018). Innovative work behavior and sex-based stereotypes: Examining sex differences in perceptions and evaluations of innovative work behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(3), 292305. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2219Google Scholar
Ma, H.-H. (2009). The effect size of variables associated with creativity: A meta-analysis. Creativity Research Journal, 21(1), 3042. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410802633400Google Scholar
Mawang, L. L., Kigen, E. M., & Mutweleli, S. M. (2019). The relationship between musical self-concept and musical creativity among secondary school music students. International Journal of Music Education, 37(1), 7890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761418798402Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: The role of gender. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 161187. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143109Google Scholar
The Nobel Prize. (2021, March). Nobel prize awarded women. www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/nobel-prize-awarded-women/Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Aldao, A. (2011). Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(6), 704708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piirto, J. (1991). Why are there so few? (Creative women: Visual artists, mathematicians, musicians). Roeper Review, 13(3), 142147.Google Scholar
Plant, E. A., Hyde, J. S., Keltner, D., & Devin, P. G. (2000). The gender stereotyping of emotions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24(1), 8192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01024.xGoogle Scholar
Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 715734. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050340Google Scholar
Proudfoot, D., Kay, A. C., & Koval, C. Z. (2015). A gender bias in the attribution of creativity: Archival and experimental evidence for the perceived association between masculinity and creative thinking. Psychological Science, 26(11), 17511761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615598739Google Scholar
Reis, S. M. (2002). Toward a theory of creativity in diverse creative women. Creativity Research Journal, 14(3–4), 305316. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1434_2Google Scholar
Richardson, A. G. (1985). Sex differences in creativity among a sample of Jamaican adolescents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 60, 424426.Google Scholar
Robinson, M. D., Johnson, J. T., & Shields, S. A. (1998). The gender heuristic and the database: Factors affecting the perception of gender-related differences in the experience and display of emotions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20(3), 206219. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2003_3Google Scholar
Rogers, K. B., & Robinson, D. T. (2014). Measuring affect and emotions. In Stets, J. E. & Turner, J. H. (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Emotions. (vol. II, pp. 283303). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9130-4_14Google Scholar
Ross, C. E., & Willigen, M. Van. (1996). Gender, parenthood, and anger. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(3), 572584. https://doi.org/10.2307/353718Google Scholar
Runco, M. A. (1986). Predicting children’s creative performance. Psychological Reports, 59(3), 12471254. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1247Google Scholar
Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 6675. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.652929Google Scholar
Runco, M. A., Cramond, B., & Pagnani, A. R. (2010). Gender and creativity. In Chrisler, J. C. & McCreary, D. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology (pp. 343357). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1467-5Google Scholar
Seidlitz, L., & Diener, E. (1998). Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 262271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.262CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shields, S. A. (1982). The variability hypothesis: The history of a biological model of sex differences in intelligence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 7(4), 769797. https://doi.org/10.1086/493921Google Scholar
Silvia, P. J., Beaty, R. E., Nusbaum, E. C., et al. (2014). Everyday creativity in daily life: An experience-sampling study of “little c” creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(2), 183188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035722Google Scholar
Simon, R. W., & Lively, K. (2010). Sex, anger, and depression. Social Forces, 88(4), 15431568. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0031Google Scholar
Simon, R. W., & Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: Do men and women differ in self‐reports of feelings and expressive behavior? American Journal of Sociology, 109(5), 11371176. https://doi.org/10.1086/382111Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (1994). Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. (2009). The paradox of declining female happiness. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 1(2), 190225. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.1.2.190Google Scholar
Sutu, A., Phetmisy, C. N., & Damian, R. I. (2021). Open to laugh: The role of openness to experience in humor production ability. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 15(3), 401411. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000298Google Scholar
Szobiová, E. (2012). Some psychological factors of creative development in family constellation: Intelligence and personality traits of artistically – technically gifted adolescents. Creative and Knowledge Society, 2(2), 7089. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10212-011-0026-0Google Scholar
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 230. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1Google Scholar
Tara, S. N. (1981). Sex differences in creativity among early adolescents in India. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52, 959962.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. L., & Barbot, B. (2021). Gender differences in creativity: Examining the greater male variability hypothesis in different domains and tasks. Personality and Individual Differences, 174, 110661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110661Google Scholar
Taylor, C. L., Ivcevic, Z., Moeller, J., & Brackett, M. (2020). Gender and support for creativity at work. Creativity and Innovation Management, 29, 453464. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12397Google Scholar
Taylor, C. L., Ivcevic, Z., Moeller, J., et al. (2022). Gender and emotions at work: Organizational rank has greater emotional benefits for men than women. Sex Roles, 86, 127142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01256-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. L., Said-Metwaly, S., Camarda, A., & Barbot, B. (2021, August 27). Gender differences and variability in creative ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the greater male variability hypothesis in creativity. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Thompson, T. L. (2016). The mothers and fathers of invention: A meta-analysis of gender differences in creativity (unpublished dissertation). In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1795577699?accountid=11440Google Scholar
To, M. L., Fisher, C. D., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Rowe, P. A. (2012). Within-person relationships between mood and creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 599612. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026097Google Scholar
Urban, K. K., & Jellen, H. G. (1996). Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP). Swets and Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
Warren, F., Mason-Apps, E., Hoskins, S., Azmi, Z., & Boyce, J. (2018). The role of implicit theories, age, and gender in the creative performance of children and adults. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28(2010), 98109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.03.010Google Scholar
Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and motion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548Google Scholar
Yavorsky, J. E., Kamp Dush, C. M., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2015). The production of inequality: The gender division of labor across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(3), 662679. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12189Google Scholar
Zhang, S., & Zhang, J. (2017). The association of TPH genes with creative potential. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000073Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×