Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T12:20:49.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Creativity and Emotional Intelligence

A Complementary Pairing

from Part II - The Development of Creativity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2023

Zorana Ivcevic
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
Jessica D. Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Get access

Summary

Emotions are part of the creative process, and emerging research shows the emotions and creativity association extends well beyond simply the enhancing effects of pleasant emotions in laboratory studies on divergent thinking. More and more, researchers are recognizing that how the creator interprets, channels, and manages their emotions matters. So, are emotionally intelligent people more creative? The short answer is, it depends on who you ask. In this chapter, we will first describe prominent models of emotional intelligence (EI) and creativity and then review what evidence exists for the connection between the two constructs. We next describe our own conceptualization of EI and creative achievement grounded in the ability model of EI and actual creative performance. We conclude with examples of training programs and educational initiatives that can support both the development of EI and creative abilities.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akinola, M., & Mendes, W. B. (2008). The dark side of creativity: Biological vulnerability and negative emotions lead to greater artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(12), 16771686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208323933CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 12971333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128Google Scholar
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 779806. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012815CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baer, J. (2012). Domain specificity and the limits of creativity theory. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 46(1), 1629. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.002Google Scholar
Bar-On, R. (2004). The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Rationale, description and summary of psychometric properties. In Geher, G. (Ed.), Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Common Ground and Controversy (pp. 115145). Nova Science.Google Scholar
Bar-On, R. (1997). The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (BarOn EQ-i). Multi-Health Systems Inc.Google Scholar
Bledow, R., Rosing, K., & Frese, M. (2013). A dynamic perspective on affect and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 432450. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0894CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brace, C., & Johns‐Putra, A. (2010). Recovering inspiration in the spaces of creative writing. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(3), 399413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00390.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2003). Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 11471158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203254596Google Scholar
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 780795. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.780CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butcher, J. L., & Niec, L. N. (2005). Disruptive behaviors and creativity in childhood: The importance of affect regulation. Creativity Research Journal, 17(2–3), 181193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2005.9651478CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2005). Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the creative achievement questionnaire. Creativity Research Journal, 17(1), 3750. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1701_4Google Scholar
Cohen, J. B., & Andrade, E. B. (2004). Affective intuition and task‐contingent affect regulation. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 358367. https://doi.org/10.1086/422114Google Scholar
Cooper, R. K., & Sawaf, A. (1998). Executive EQ: Emotional Intelligence in Leadership and Organizations. Grosset-Putnam.Google Scholar
De Dreu, C. K., Baas, M., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: Toward a dual pathway to creativity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5), 739756. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739Google Scholar
Dimitropoulos, A., Zyga, O., Doernberg, E., & Russ, S. W. (2021). Show me what happens next: Preliminary efficacy of a remote play-based intervention for children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103820Google Scholar
Ebert, M., Hoffmann, J. D., Ivcevic, Z., Phan, C., & Brackett, M. A. (2015a). Teaching emotion and creativity skills through art: A workshop for children. International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving, 25(2), 2335.Google Scholar
Ebert, M., Hoffmann, J. D., Ivcevic, Z., Phan, C., & Brackett, M. A. (2015b). Creativity, emotion and art: Development and initial evaluation of a workshop for professional adults. International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving, 25(2), 4759.Google Scholar
Fehr, K., Hoffmann, J. D., Ramasami, J., & Chambers, D. (2021). Feasibility of a group play intervention in early childhood. Journal of Creativity, 31. 100008. https://doi.org/10.10116/j.yjoc.2021.100008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, J., Ghini, M., & Fiedeldey-van Dijk, C. (2005). Emotional intelligence and performance. Journal of Personal Relationships, 15(4), 820.Google Scholar
Friedman, R. S., Förster, J., & Denzler, M. (2007). Interactive effects of mood and task framing on creative generation. Creativity Research Journal, 19(2–3), 141162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701397206Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1958). On creativity and the unconscious. In Papers on Applied Psychoanalysis, vol. 4, Collected Works of Sigmund Freud. Harper (original work published in 1925).Google Scholar
Furnham, A. (2016). The relationship between cognitive ability, emotional intelligence and creativity. Psychology, 7(2), 193197. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.72021Google Scholar
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don’t: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 687697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687Google Scholar
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2007). Dual tuning in a supportive context: Joint contributions of positive mood, negative mood, and supervisory behaviors to employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 605622. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.25525934Google Scholar
Glăveanu, V. P. (2013). Rewriting the language of creativity: The Five A’s framework. Review of General Psychology, 17(1), 6981. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029528Google Scholar
Glăveanu, V. P. (2015). Creativity as a sociocultural act. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 49(3), 165180. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.94Google Scholar
Goldstein, T. R., & Lerner, M. D. (2018). Dramatic pretend play games uniquely improve emotional control in young children. Developmental Science, 21(4), e12603. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12603Google Scholar
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ. Bantam.Google Scholar
Goleman, D. (2001). An EI-based theory of performance. In Cherniss, C. & Goleman, D. (Eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations (pp. 2744). Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Greenberg, M. T., Kusche, C. A., Cook, E. T., & Quamma, J. P. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 117136.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D. (2021, December). Creativity, collaboration, and compassion: Early findings of the inspirED program. Presentation at the Yale Child Study Center Research in Progress Meeting. [Virtual].Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., McGarry, J. A., Baumsteiger, R., Seibyl, J., & Brackett, M. A. (in press). Emotional empowerment in high school life. In Misra, G. & Misra, I. (Eds.). Emotions in Cultural Context. Springer.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., & Ivcevic, Z. (2022). Creativity, emotions, and the arts courses: An art center at the center. In Ivcevic, Z. (Ed.), Creativity, Emotions, and the Arts: Research, Application, and Impact (pp. 45–55). Fundacion Botin.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., Ivcevic, Z., & Brackett, M. (2016). Creativity in the age of technology: Measuring the digital creativity of millennials. Creativity Research Journal, 28(2), 149153. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1162515Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., Ivcevic, Z., & Feist, G. (2021). Personality, emotions, and creativity. In Kaufman, J. & Sternberg, R. (Eds.), Creativity: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., Ivcevic, Z., & Maliakkal, N. (2018). Creative thinking strategies for life: A course for professional adults using art. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54, 293310. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.366Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., Ivecvic, Z., Maliakkal, N. (2020). Emotions, creativity, and the arts: Evaluating a course for children. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276237420907864Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D. & Russ, S. (2012). Pretend play, creativity and emotion regulation in children. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts, 6, 175184. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026299Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D. & Russ, S. W. (2016, August). Adaptive regression: Emotion ability for creativity? In Nusbaum, E. (Chair), Looking Back to Look Forward: Re-examining and Re-imagining Historical Ideas in Creativity Research. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Denver, CO.Google Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Brackett, M. A. (2015). Predicting creativity: Interactive effects of openness to experience and emotion regulation ability. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 480487. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039826CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence and emotional creativity. Journal of Personality, 75(2), 199236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.xGoogle Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Maliakkal, N. T. Botin Foundation, . (2016). Teaching emotion and creativity skills through the arts. In Gokcigdem, E. M. (Ed.), Fostering Empathy through Museums (pp. 119). Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C. (2012). Counting the muses: development of the Kaufman domains of creativity scale (K-DOCS). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(4), 298308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029751Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The Four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013688Google Scholar
Kaufmann, G., & Vosburg, S. K. (2002). The effects of mood on early and late idea production. Creativity Research Journal, 14(3–4), 317330. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1434_3Google Scholar
Kerr, R., Garvin, J., Heaton, N., & Boyle, E. (2006). Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27, 265279. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610666028Google Scholar
Kewalramani, S., Agrawal, M., & Rastogi, M. R. (2015). Models of emotional intelligence: Similarities and discrepancies. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 178.Google Scholar
Kris, E. (1952). Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art. International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Kühnel, J., Bledow, R., & Kiefer, M. (2022). There is a time to be creative: The alignment between chronotype and time of day. Academy of Management Journal, 65(1), 218247. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2019.0020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, H. A., & Day, A. L. (2005). Comparing the construct and criterion-related validity of ability-based and mixed-model measures of emotional intelligence. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(5), 757779. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405275663Google Scholar
Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., & Straus, R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(3), 641658. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191–8869(02)00242-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, L. L., Ward, D. W., Achee, J. W., & Wyer, R. S. (1993). Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), 317326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.317Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In Salovey, P. & Sluyter, D. (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators (pp. 331). Basic Books.Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. Emotion, 1, 232242. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.232Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2. 0. Emotion, 3(1), 97105. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKay, A. S., Karwowski, M., & Kaufman, J. C. (2017). Measuring the muses: Validating the Kaufman domains of creativity scale (K-DOCS). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(2), 216230. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000074CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mednick, S. A., & Mednick, M. T. (1971). Remote Associates Test. Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Miroshnik, K. G., Shcherbakova, O. V., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021). Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale: Relationship to occupation and measurement invariance across gender. Creativity Research Journal, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2021.1953823CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, M., & Russ, S. W. (2008). Follow-up of a pretend play intervention: Effects on play, creativity, and emotional processes in children. Creativity Research Journal, 20(4), 427436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410802391892Google Scholar
Neubauer, A. C., & Freudenthaler, H. H. (2005). Models of emotional intelligence. In Schulze, R. & Roberts, R. D. (Eds.), Emotional Intelligence: An International Handbook (pp. 3150). Hogrefe & Huber.Google Scholar
Neubauer, A. C., Pribil, A., Wallner, A., & Hofer, G. (2018). The self–other knowledge asymmetry in cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and creativity. Heliyon, 4(12), e01061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01061Google Scholar
Nuttall, F. Q. (2015). Body mass index: Obesity, BMI, and health: A critical review. Nutrition today, 50(3), 117128. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000092Google Scholar
Parke, M. R., Seo, M. G., & Sherf, E. N. (2015). Regulating and facilitating: The role of emotional intelligence in maintaining and using positive affect for creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 917934. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038452Google Scholar
Pine, F., & Holt, R. R. (1960). Creativity and primary process: A study of adaptive regression. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(3), 370379. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048004Google Scholar
Pink, D. H. (2018). When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Time. Riverhead Books.Google Scholar
Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. The Phi Delta Kappan, 42(7), 305310.Google Scholar
Rivers, S. E., Brackett, M. A., Reyes, M. R., Elbertson, N. A., & Salovey, P. (2013). Improving the social and emotional climate of classrooms: A clustered randomized controlled trial testing the RULER approach. Prevention Science, 14(1), 7787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121–012-0305-2Google Scholar
Ruiz-Ariza, A., Suárez-Manzano, S., López-Serrano, S., & Martínez-López, E. J. (2019). The effect of cooperative high-intensity interval training on creativity and emotional intelligence in secondary school: A randomised controlled trial. European Physical Education Review, 25(2), 355373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 6675. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.652929Google Scholar
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDGGoogle Scholar
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In Pennebaker, J. W. (Ed.), Emotion, Disclosure, and Health (pp. 125154). American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., et al. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167177.Google Scholar
Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as Information: Informational and Motivational Functions of Affective States. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Schwarz, N. (2001). Feelings as information. In Martin, L. L. & Clore, G. L. (Eds)., Theories of Mood and Cognition: A User’s Guidebook (pp. 159176). Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schwarz, N. (2012). Feelings-as-information theory. In Van Lange, P. A. M., Kruglanski, A., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 289308). Sage.Google Scholar
Scott, G., Leritz, L. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2004). The effectiveness of creativity training: A quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 16(4), 361388. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1604_1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, M. I. (1953). Creativity and culture. The Journal of Psychology, 36(2), 311322.Google Scholar
Tajpour, M., Moradi, F., & Jalali, S. E. (2018). Studying the influence of emotional intelligence on the organizational innovation. International Journal of Human Capital Urban Management, 3(1), 4552. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijhcum.2018.03.01.005Google Scholar
Tu, C., Guo, J., Hatcher, R. C., & Kaufman, J. C. (2018). The relationship between emotional intelligence and domain‐specific and domain‐general creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(2), 337349. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.369Google Scholar
Vernon, D., Hocking, I., & Tyler, T. C. (2016). An evidence-based review of creative problem solving tools: A practitioner’s resource. Human Resource Development Review, 15, 230259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, M., & Kogan, N. (1965). Modes of Thinking in Young Children. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
World Economic Forum. (2018). The Future of Jobs Report. World Economic Forum.Google Scholar
World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report. World Economic Forum.Google Scholar
Xu, X., Liu, W., & Pang, W. (2019). Are emotionally intelligent people more creative? A meta-analysis of the emotional intelligence–creativity link. Sustainability, 11(21), 6123. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216123Google Scholar
Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2006). Emotional intelligence, adaptation, and coping. In Ciarrochi, J., Forgas, J., & Mayer, J. D. (Eds.), Emotional Intelligence in Everyday Life: A Scientific Inquiry (2nd ed., pp. 8297). Psychology Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×