Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:20:05.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - Organizing and Activism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2024

Brian D. Christens
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abad, M. (2021). Movement vulnerability and the quotidian dimensions of youth organizing. Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AEJ. (n.d.). Alliance for Educational Justice [Facebook page]. www.facebook.com/4EdJustice/Google Scholar
AYPAL. (2021, April 14). Power to the youth. www.aypal.org/Google Scholar
Baker-Doyle, K. (2016). Studying sociopolitical development through social network theory. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 163184). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braxton, E. (2016). Youth leadership for social justice: Past and present. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 2538). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braxton, E., Buford, W., & Marasigan, L. (2013). National field scan. Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., & Dolan, T. (2011). Interweaving youth development, community development, and social change through youth organizing. Youth & Society, 43, 528548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., & Kirshner, B. (2011). Taking stock of youth organizing: An interdisciplinary perspective. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 134, 2741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., Winn, L. T., & Duke, A. M. (2016). Empowerment and critical consciousness: A conceptual cross-fertilization. Adolescent Research Review, 1(1), 1527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CIRCLE. (2021). Youth activism and community change. CIRCLE. https://circle.tufts.edu/our-research/youth-activism-and-community-changeGoogle Scholar
Conner, J. (2011). Youth organizers as young adults: Their commitments and contributions. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(4), 923942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, J. (2014). Lessons that last: Former youth organizers’ reflections on what and how they learned. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 23, 447484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, J. (2016). Pawns or power players? The grounds on which adults dismiss or defend youth organizers. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(3), 403420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, J., & Rosen, S. M. (2015). Zombies, truants, and flash mobs: How youth organizers respond to and shape youth policy. In Conner, J., Ebby-Rosin, R., & Brown, A. S. (Eds.), Student voice in American educational policy (pp. 203220). Teachers College Record.Google Scholar
Conner, J., & Rosen, S. M. (Eds.). (2016). Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States. Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, J., Zaino, K., & Scarola, E. (2013). “Very powerful voices”: The influence of youth organizing on educational policy. Educational Policy, 27, 561588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constanza-Chock, S., Schweidler, C., Basilio, T., McDermott, M., Lo, P., & Ortenbuger, M. (2016). Media in action: A field scan of media & youth organizing in the United States. Journal of Digital and Media Literacy, 4(1–2).Google Scholar
Curnow, J., Davis, A., & Asher, L. (2019). Politicization in process: Developing articles, political concepts, practices, epistemologies, and identities through activist engagement. American Educational Research Journal, 56(3), 716752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, M., & Staples, L. (2008). Youth-led community organizing: Theory and action. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Engler, M., & Engler, P. (2016). This is an uprising: How nonviolent revolt is shaping the twenty-first century. Bold Type Books.Google Scholar
Fernandez, J., Kirshner, B., & Lewis, D. (2016). Strategies for systemic change: Youth community organizing to disrupt the school-to-prison nexus. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 93112). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, K. S. (2020). Transforming positive youth development: A case for youth organizing. Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness. Continuum.Google Scholar
Gallay, E., Lupinacci, J., Sarmiento, C., Flanagan, C., & Lowenstein, E. (2016). Youth environmental stewardship and activism for the environmental commons. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. M. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism (pp. 113132). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gambone, M., Yu, H., Lewis-Charp, H., Sipe, C., & Lacoe, J. (2006). Youth organizing, identity-support, and youth development agencies as avenues for involvement. Journal of Community Practice, 14(1), 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, K. (2020). Chicago youth activists for #CopsOutCPS provide answers to questions about police free schools. The Tribe. https://thetriibe.com/2020/07/chicago-youth-activists-for-cops-out-cps-provide-answers-to-questions-about-police-free-schools/Google Scholar
Ginwright, S. (2010). Black youth rising: Activism and healing in urban America. Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Ginwright, S. (2015). Hope and healing in urban education: How urban activists and teachers are reclaiming matters of the heart. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginwright, S., & Cammarota, J. (2006). Introduction. In Ginwright, S., Noguera, P., & Cammarota, J. (Eds.), Beyond resistance: Youth activism and community change (pp. xiixxii). Routledge.Google Scholar
Govan, R. H., Fernandez, J. S., Lewis, D. G., & Kirshner, B. (2015). International perspectives on youth leadership development through community organizing. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2015(148), 8799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennelly, J. (2011). Citizen youth: Culture, activism, and agency in a neoliberal era. Palgrave McMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirshner, B. (2015). Youth activism in an era of education inequity. New York University Press.Google Scholar
Kwon, S. A. (2013). Uncivil youth: Race, activism, and affirmative governmentality. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, J. F. (2019). We passed and implemented a historic data resolution [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/313232421Google Scholar
Lewis-Charp, H., Yu, H., Soukamneuth, S., & Lacoe, J. (2003). Extending the reach of youth development through civic activism: Outcomes of the youth leadership development initiative. Social Policy Research Associates.Google Scholar
Light, J. (2015). Putting our conversation in context: Youth, old media and political participation 1800–1971. In Allen, D. & Light, J. (Eds.), From voice to influence: Understanding citizenship in the digital age (pp. 1933). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Listen, Inc. (2003). An emerging model for working with youth (Occasional Papers Series on Youth Organizing No. 1). Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Lukes, S. (1974). Power: A radical view. Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D. (1988). Freedom summer. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mira, M. (2013). Pushing the boundaries: What youth organizers at Boston’s Hyde Square Task Force have to teach us about civic engagement. Democracy and Education, 21, 113.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (2011). No transportation, no education! Voices in Urban Education, 30, 512.Google Scholar
Moya, J. (2017). Examining how youth take on critical civic identities in classrooms and youth organizing spaces. Critical Questions in Education, 8(4), 457475.Google Scholar
Negron-Gonzalez, G. (2016). Unlawful entry: Civil disobedience and the undocumented youth movement. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 271288). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, C., & Eastmann-Mueller, H. (2020). Supporting critical social analysis: Empowerment processes in youth organizing. Urban Review, 52, 708729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, C., Eastmann-Mueller, H., & Barbich, N. (2019). Empowering change agents: Youth organizing groups as sites for sociopolitical development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63, 4660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, C., & Quinn, R. (2018) “We share similar struggles”: How a Vietnamese immigrant youth organizing program shapes participants’ critical consciousness of interracial tension, Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(5), 626642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nygreen, K., Kwon, S., & Sánchez, P. (2006). Urban youth building community: Social change and participatory research in schools, homes, and community-based organizations. Journal of Community Practice, 14(1–2), 107123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakes, J., & Rogers, J. (with Lipton, M.). (2006). Learning power: Organizing for education and justice. Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Ortega-Williams, A., Wernick, L., DeBower, J., & Braithwaite, B. (2020). Finding relief in action: The intersection of youth-led community organizing and mental health in Brooklyn, New York City. Youth & Society, 52(4), 618638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, R., & Nguyen, C. (2017). Immigrant youth organizing as civic preparation. American Educational Research Journal, 54(5), 9721005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, J., & Terriquez, V. (2013). Learning to lead: The impact of youth organizing and the educational and civic trajectories of low-income youth. Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access.Google Scholar
Rogers, J., & Terriquez, V. (2016). “It shaped who I am as a person”: Youth organizing and the educational and civic trajectories of low-income youth. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 141161). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, J., Mediratta, K., & Shah, S. (2012). Building power, learning democracy: Youth organizing as a site of civic development. Review of Research in Education, 36, 4366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, M., Gennari, A., & Mandic, C. (2018). Youth-led organizing: A strategy for healing and child welfare systems change. Foster Youth in Action.Google Scholar
Rosen, S. (2016). Identity performance and collectivist leadership in the Philadelphia Student Union. International Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 224240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, S. (2019). So much of my very soul: How youth organizers’ identity projects pave agentive pathways for civic engagement American Educational Research Journal, 56(1), 237243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, S., & Conner, J. (2016). Conceptualizing youth activists’ leadership: A multidimensional framework. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 5978). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, S., & Conner, J. (2021). Negotiating power: How youth organizers recast the debate about school reform. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 30173032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, S. (2011). Building transformative youth leadership: Data on the impacts of youth organizing. Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Shah, S., Buford, W., & Braxton, E. (2018). Transforming youth and communities: New findings on the impact of youth organizing. Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Sinclair-Lewis, K., & Rodriguez, S. (2021). “Love us, don’t harm us!” Youth organizing for racial justice and police-free schools in Washington DC. Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.Google Scholar
Su, C. (2009). Streetwise for booksmarts: Grassroots organizing and education reform in the Bronx. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Terriquez, V. (2015). Training young activists: Grassroots organizing and youths’ civic and political trajectories. Sociological Perspectives, 58(2), 223242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terriquez, V. (2017). Building healthy communities through youth leadership. USC Program for Environmental and Regional Equity.Google Scholar
Terriquez, V., Villegas, R., Villalobos, R, & Xu, J. (2020). The political socialization of Latinx youth in a conservative political context. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 70, 101188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tivaringe, T., & Kirshner, B. (2021). Learning to claim power in a contentious public sphere: A study of youth movement formation in South Africa. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 30, 125150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valladares, S., Valladares, M. R., Garcia, M., Baca, K., Kirshner, B., Terriquez, V., Sanchez, J., & Kroehle, K. (2021). 2020 Field Scan. Funders’ Collaborative on Youth Organizing.Google Scholar
Warren, M. (2018). Lift us up, don’t push us out!” Voices from the frontlines of the education justice movement. Beacon.Google Scholar
Warren, M. (2021). Remarks delivered at the business meeting of the Grassroots Youth and Community Organizing special interest group of the American Educational Research Association.Google Scholar
Warren, M. & Kupscznk, L. (2016). The emergence of a youth justice movement in the United States. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 3958). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M., Mapp, K., & The Community Organizing and School Reform Project. (2011). A match on dry grass: Community organizing as a catalyst for school reform. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Warren, M., Mira, M., & Nikundiwe, T. (2008). Youth organizing: From youth development to school reform. New Directions for Youth Development, 117, 2742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, R., & Flanagan, C. (2007). Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, R., Kirshner, B., Govan, R., & Fernandez, J. (2018, August 11). Powerful youth, powerful communities: An international study of youth organizing. research2action.net. www.research2action.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2018-Powerful-Youth-Powerful-Communities-Final-Research-Report-4dist.pdfGoogle Scholar
Werner, E. (2009). In pursuit of liberty: Coming of age in the American Revolution. Potomac Books.Google Scholar
Yee, M. (2016). “We have the power to make change”: The struggle of Asian immigrant youth against school violence. In Conner, J. & Rosen, S. (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 289310). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M., & Zahniser, J. (1991). Refinements of sphere‐specific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(2), 189204.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ahmed, A. K. (2020). #RhodesMustFall: How a decolonial student movement in the global south inspired epistemic disobedience at the University of Oxford. African Studies Review, 63(2), 281303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banjo, N. J. (2013). Youth and service delivery violence in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Journal of Public Administration, 48(2), 251266.Google Scholar
Bosch, T. (2013). Youth, Facebook, and politics in South Africa. Journal of African Media Studies, 5(2), 119130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosch, T. (2017). Twitter activism and youth in South Africa: The case of #RhodesMustFall, Information, Communication & Society, 20(2), 221232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockman, B. (2016). Every generation has its struggle: A brief history of Equal Education (2008–2015). In Heffernan, A. & Nieftagodien, N. (Eds.), Students must rise: Youth struggle in South Africa before and beyond Soweto ‘76 (pp. 168179). NYU Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buire, C., & Staeheli, L. A. (2017). Contesting the “active” in active citizenship: Youth activism in Cape Town, South Africa. Space and Polity, 21(2), 173190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canham, H. (2018). Theorising community rage for decolonial action. South African Journal of Psychology. 48(3), 319330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigudu, S. (2020). Rhodes Must Fall in Oxford: A critical testimony. Critical African Studies, 12(3), 302312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, H. (2014). Youth politics: Waiting and envy in a South African informal settlement. Journal of Southern African Studies, 40(4), 861882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M. C., & Sinwell, L. (Eds.). (2012). Contesting transformation: Popular resistance in twenty-first-century South Africa. Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Deegan, H. (2002). A critical examination of the democratic transition in South Africa: The question of public participation. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 40(1), 4360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everatt, D. (2002). Marginalisation re-created? Youth in South Africa 1990–2000 and beyond. In Trudell, B., King, K., McGrath, S., & Nugent, P. (Eds.), Africa’s young majority. Centre for African Studies: University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Govan, R. H., Fernández, J. S., Lewis, D. G., & Kirshner, B. (2015). International perspectives on youth leadership development through community organizing. New Directions for Student Leadership, 148, 8799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, D. (2019). #FeesMustFall and the decolonised university in South Africa: Tensions and opportunities in a globalising world. International Journal of Educational Research, 94, 143149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, R. (2015). Organizing for governing power. Grassroots Policy Project. https://grassrootspowerproject.org/analysis/organizing-for-governing-power/Google Scholar
Hodes, R. (2017). Questioning “Fees Must Fall.” African Affairs, 116(462), 140150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussen, T. S. (2018). Social media and feminist activism: #RapeMustFall, #NakedProtest and #RUReferenceList movements in South Africa. In Shefer, T., Hearn, J., Ratele, K., & Boonzaier, F. (Eds.), Engaging youth in activism, research and pedagogical praxis: transnational and intersectional perspectives on gender, sex, and race (pp. 199214). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ito, M., Gutiérrez, K., Livingstone, S., Penuel, B., Rhodes, J., Salen, K., Schor, J., Sefton-Green, J., & Watkins, S. C. (2013). Connected learning: An agenda for research and design. Digital Media and Learning Research Hub.Google Scholar
Ito, M., Soep, E., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., Shresthova, S., Gamber-Thompson, L., & Zimmerman, A. (2015). Learning connected civics: Narratives, practices, infrastructures. Curriculum Inquiry, 45(1), 1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, H., Shresthova, S., Gamber-Thompson, L., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., & Zimmerman, A. (2016). By any media necessary. NYU Press.Google Scholar
Kangere, M., Kemitare, J., & Michau, L. (2017). Hashtag activism: Popularizing feminist analysis of violence against women in the Horn, East and Southern Africa. Feminist Media Studies, 17(5), 899902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirshner, B. (2015). Youth activism in an era of education inequality. NYU Press.Google Scholar
Kirshner, B., Tivaringe, T., & Fernández, J. S. (2021). “This was 1976 reinvented”: The role of framing in the development of a South African youth movement. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 30333053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwon, S. A. (2013). Uncivil youth: Race, activism, and affirmative governmentality. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lodge, T., & Mottiar, S. (2016). Protest in South Africa: Motives and meanings. Democratization, 23(5), 819837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luescher, T. M. (2016). Frantz Fanon and the #MustFall movements in South Africa. International Higher Education, (85), 22–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luescher, T. M., Loader, L., & Mugume, T. (2017). #FeesMustFall: An Internet-age student movement in South Africa and the case of the University of the Free State. Politikon, 44(2), 231245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lukes, S. (1974). Power: A radical view. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahali, A., & Matete, N. (2022). #MbokodoLeadUs: The gendered politics of black womxn leading campus-based activism in South Africa’s recent university student movements. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 40(1), 132146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamdani, M. (1995). Citizen and subject: Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mattes, R. (2012). The “Born Frees”: The prospects for generational change in post‐apartheid South Africa. Australian Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 133153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middaugh, E., & Kirshner, B. (Eds.). (2014). #youthaction: Becoming political in the digital age. Information Age Press.Google Scholar
Mutsvairo, B. (Ed.). (2016). Digital activism in the social media era: Critical reflections on emerging trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naidoo, L. (2016). Contemporary student politics in South Africa: The rise of the black-led student movements of #RhodesMustFall and #FeesMustFall in 2015. In Heffernan, A. & Nieftagodien, N. (Eds.), Students must rise: Youth struggle in South Africa before and beyond Soweto ‘76 (pp. 180190). NYU Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ndelu, S., Dlakavu, S., & Boswell, B. (2017). Womxn’s and nonbinary activists’ contribution to the RhodesMustFall and FeesMustFall student movements: 2015 and 2016. Agenda, 31(3–4), 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ndlovu, M. W. (2017a). #FeesMustFall and youth mobilisation in South Africa: Reform or revolution?. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ndlovu, M. W. (2017b). Fees Must Fall: A nuanced observation of the University of Cape Town, 2015–2016. Agenda, 31(3–4), 127137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyamnjoh, B. (2016). #RhodesMustFall: Nibbling at resilient colonialism in South Africa. African Books Collective.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillay, S. R. (2016). Silence is violence: (Critical) psychology in an era of Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fall. South African Journal of Psychology, 46(2), 155159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posel, D. (2013). The ANC Youth League and the politicization of race. Thesis Eleven, 115(1), 5876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramaru, K. (2017). Feminist reflections on the Rhodes Must Fall movement. Feminist Africa, 22, 8996.Google Scholar
Salinas, D., & Fraser, P. (2012). Educational policy and contentious politics: The 2011 Chilean student movement. Berkeley Review of Education, 3(1), 1747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samanga, R. (2016). #FeesMustFall: Where do we go from here? OkayAfrica. www.okayafrica.com/fees-must-fall-movement-south-africa-op-ed/Google Scholar
Seekings, J. (1996). The “lost generation”: South Africa’s “youth problem” in the early-1990s. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on South Africa, 29, 103125.Google Scholar
Seekings, J., & Nattrass, N. (2008). Class, race, and inequality in South Africa. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Strong, K. (2018). Do African lives matter to Black Lives Matter? Youth uprisings and the borders of solidarity. Urban Education, 53(2), 265285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuurman, S. (2018). Student activism in a time of crisis in South Africa: The quest for “black power.” South African Journal of Education, 38(4), 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukarieh, M., & Tannock, S. (2014). Youth rising? The politics of youth in the global economy. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarlau, R. (2019). Occupying schools, occupying land: How the Landless Workers Movement transformed Brazilian education. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, V. (1997). The trajectory of national liberation and social movements: The South African experience. Community Development Journal, 32(3), 252265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tivaringe, T. (2018). Youth-led change in South Africa’s education system. In Del Felice, C. & Onyeigwe, O. P. (Eds.), Youth in Africa, agents of change (pp. 5564). Casa África.Google Scholar
Tivaringe, T. (2019). The social unemployment gap in South Africa: Limits of enabling socio-economic redress through expanding access to higher education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(155) 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tivaringe, T., & Kirshner, B. (2021). Learning to claim power in a contentious public sphere: A study of youth movement formation in South Africa. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 30, 125150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UCT RMF (n.d.). RhodesMustFall mission statement [Facebook page]. https://m.facebook.com/p/Rhodes-Must-Fall-South-Africa-100069747536114/Google Scholar
Valladares, S., Kirshner, B., & Trejo, B. (2020). Power memo. Research Hub for Youth Organizing, University of Colorado Boulder.Google Scholar
Von Holdt, K., Langa, M., Molapo, S., Ngubeni, K., Dlamini, J., & Kirsten, A. (2011). The smoke that calls: Insurgent citizenship, collective violence and the struggle for a place in the new South Africa. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation and Society, Work and Development Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Warren, S., & Kirshner, B. (Eds.). (2022, January 20). Youth activism through a global lens [Special issue]. The Forge: Organizing Strategy and Practice. https://forgeorganizing.org/article/democracy-moves-youth-activism-through-global-lensGoogle Scholar
Watts, R., Kirshner, B., Govan, R., & Fernandez, J. (2018). Powerful Youth, Powerful Communities: An international study of youth organizing. Powerful Youth, Powerful Communities. www.research2action.netGoogle Scholar
Wawrzynski, M. R., & Naik, S. (2021). Exploring outcomes from student activism in South Africa. Journal of College Student Development, 62(3), 327344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xaba, W. (2017). Challenging Fanon: A Black radical feminist perspective on violence and the Fees Must Fall movement. Agenda, 31(3–4), 96104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, E. (2014). New media, new civics? Policy & Internet, 6(2), 151168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Abramsky, T., Devries, K., Kiss, L., Nakuti, J., Kyegombe, N., Starmann, E., … Watts, C. (2014). Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmed-Ghosh, H. (2004). Chattels of society: Domestic violence in India. Violence Against Women, 10(1), 94118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aiyer, S. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Morrel-Samuels, S., & Reischl, T. M. (2015). From broken windows to busy streets: A community empowerment perspective. Health Education and Behavior, 42, 137147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alinsky, S. D. (1971). Rules for radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals. Vintage.Google Scholar
Allen, N. E. (2006). An examination of the effectiveness of domestic violence coordinating councils. Violence Against Women, 12(1), 4667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babu, B. V., & Kar, S. K. (2009). Domestic violence against women in eastern India: A population-based study on prevalence and related issues. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, C. S. (2017). Spousal violence against working women in India. Journal of Family Violence, 32(1), 5567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, J. E., Bhattacharjee, P., Ramesh, B. M., Girish, M., & Das, A. K. (2011). Evaluation of Stepping Stones as a tool for changing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours associated with gender, relationships and HIV risk in Karnataka, India. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Browning, C. R. (2002). The span of collective efficacy: Extending social disorganization theory to partner violence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 833850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattaneo, L. B., & Chapman, A. R. (2010). The process of empowerment: A model for use in research and practice. American Psychologist, 65(7), 646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattaneo, L. B., & Goodman, L. A. (2010). Through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(3), 481502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattaneo, L. B., & Goodman, L. A. (2014). What is empowerment anyway? A model for domestic violence practice, research, and evaluation. Psychology of Violence, 5(1), 8494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakraborty, P., Osrin, D., & Daruwalla, N. (2020). “We learn how to become good men”: Working with male allies to prevent violence against women and girls in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India. Men and Masculinities, 23(3–4), 749771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatterji, S., Stern, E., Dunkle, K., & Heise, L. (2020). Community activism as a strategy to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural Rwanda: Results of a community randomised trial. Journal of Global Health, 10(1), 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaudhuri, S., & Morash, M. (2019). Analyzing the importance of funding for gender focused empowerment programs. Advances in Gender Research, 27, 167181.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2010). Public relationship building in grassroots community organizing: Relational intervention for individual and systems change. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(7), 886900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2015). Community organizing: Practice, research, and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 193222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., Gupta, J., & Speer, P. W. (2021). Community organizing: Studying the development and exercise of grassroots power. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 30013016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, C. J., Shrestha, B., Ferguson, G., Shrestha, P. N., Calvert, C., Gupta, J., … Oakes, J. M. (2020). Impact of the Change Starts at Home Trial on women’s experience of intimate partner violence in Nepal. SSM – Population Health, 10, 100530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daruwalla, N., Jaswal, S., Fernandes, P., Pinto, P., Hate, K., Ambavkar, G., … Osrin, D. (2019a). A theory of change for community interventions to prevent domestic violence against women and girls in Mumbai, India. Wellcome Open Research, 4, 54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daruwalla, N., Machchhar, U., Pantvaidya, S., D’Souza, V., Gram, L., Copas, A., & Osrin, D. (2019b). Community interventions to prevent violence against women and girls in informal settlements in Mumbai: The SNEHA-TARA pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials, 20(1), 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daruwalla, N., Pinto, P., Ambavkar, G., Kakad, B., Wadia, P., & Pantvaidya, S. (2015). Increased reporting of cases of gender based violence: A retrospective review of a prevention programme in Dharavi, Mumbai. Women Health Open Journal, 1(2), 2230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dave, A. (2013). Strategic alliance, a way forward for violence against women: A case for the Special Cells, India. Violence Against Women, 19(10), 12031223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, J., & Lyon, E. (2014). Domestic violence advocacy: Complex lives/difficult choices. Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doyle, K., Levtov, R. G., Barker, G., Bastian, G. G., Bingenheimer, J. B., Kazimbaya, S., Nzabonimpa, A., Pulerwitz, J., Sayinzoga, F., Sharma, V., & Shattuck, D. (2018). Gender-transformative Bandebereho couples’ intervention to promote male engagement in reproductive and maternal health and violence prevention in Rwanda: Findings from a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0192756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellsberg, M., Arango, D. J., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., Contreras, M., & Watts, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: What does the evidence say? The Lancet, 385(9977), 15551566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellsberg, M., Ullman, C., Blackwell, A., Hill, A., & Contreras, M. (2018). What works to prevent adolescent intimate partner and sexual violence? A global review of best practices. In Wolfe, D. A. and Temple, J. (Eds.), Adolescent dating violence: Theory, research, and prevention (pp. 381414). Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. (2005). WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women. World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Goodman, L., & Epstein, D. (2008). Listening to battered women: A survivor centered approach to advocacy, mental health, and justice. American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabe, S., Dutt, A., & Dworkin, S. L. (2014). Women’s community mobilization and well‐being: Local resistance to gendered social inequities in Nicaragua and Tanzania. Journal of Community Psychology, 42(4), 379397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gram, L., Fitchett, A., Ashraf, A., Daruwalla, N., & Osrin, D. (2019). Promoting women’s and children’s health through community groups in low-income and middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review of mechanisms, enablers and barriers. BMJ Global Health, 4(6), e001972.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gram, L., Kanougiya, S., Daruwalla, N., & Osrin, D. (2020). Measuring the psychological drivers of participation in collective action to address violence against women in Mumbai, India. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, J., Falb, K. L., Lehmann, H., Kpebo, D., Xuan, Z., Hossain, M., … Annan, J. (2013). Gender norms and economic empowerment intervention to reduce intimate partner violence against women in rural Côte d’Ivoire: A randomized controlled pilot study. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 13(1), 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holden, J., Humphreys, M., Husain, S., Khan, S., & Lindsey, S. (2016, August 1). Evaluation of the Madhya Pradesh safe cities initiative 2013–2016. DFID India. www.sddirect.org.uk/resource/evaluation-madhya-pradesh-safe-cities-initiativeGoogle Scholar
Hotaling, G. T., & Buzawa, E. S. (2003). Forgoing criminal justice assistance: The non-reporting of new incidents of abuse in a court sample of domestic violence victims. Department of Criminal Justice, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
International Institute of Population Sciences. (2017). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16. International Institute of Population Sciences.Google Scholar
International Institute for Population Sciences. (2007). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: volume I. International Institute of Population Sciences.Google Scholar
Jarrett, R. L., Sullivan, P., & Watkins, N. (2005). Developing youth social capital in extracurricular programs. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 33, 4155.Google Scholar
Jejeebhoy, S. J., & Santhya, K. G. (2018). Preventing violence against women and girls in Bihar: Challenges for implementation and evaluation. Reproductive Health Matters, 26(52), 92108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeyaseelan, V., Kumar, S., Jeyaseelan, L., Shankar, V., Yadav, B. K., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (2015). Dowry demand and harassment: Prevalence and risk factors in India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 47(6), 727745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeyaseelan, L., Kumar, S., Neelakantan, N., Peedicayil, A., Pillai, R., & Duvvury, N. (2007). Physical spousal violence against women in India: some risk factors. Journal of Biosocial Science, 39(5), 657670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalokhe, A. S., Iyer, S. R., Kolhe, A. R., Dhayarkar, S., Paranjape, A., Del Rio, C., … Sahay, S. (2018). Correlates of domestic violence experience among recently-married women residing in slums in Pune, India. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0195152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalokhe, A. S., Potdar, R. R., Stephenson, R., Dunkle, K. L., Paranjape, A., Del Rio, C., & Sahay, S. (2015). How well does the World Health Organization definition of domestic violence work for India? PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0120909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasturiranjan, A. (2008). Empowerment and programs designed to address domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 14(12), 14651475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaur, R., & Garg, S. (2010). Domestic violence against women: A qualitative study in a rural community. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 22(2), 242251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnan, S. (2005). Do structural inequalities contribute to marital violence? Ethnographic evidence from rural South India. Violence Against Women, 11, 759775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnan, S., Subbiah, K., Khanum, S., Chandra, P. S., & Padian, N. S. (2012). An intergenerational women’s empowerment intervention to mitigate domestic violence: Results of a pilot study in Bengaluru, India. Violence Against Women, 18(3), 346370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maton, K. I. (2008). Empowering community settings: Agents of individual development, community betterment, and positive social change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1–2), 421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maton, K. I., Seidman, E., & Aber, M. S. (2011). Empowering settings and voices for social change: an introduction. In Aber, M. S., Maton, K. I., & Seidman, E. (Eds.), Empowering settings and voices for social change (pp. 111). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Menon, S. V., & Allen, N. E. (2018). The formal systems response to violence against women in India: A cultural lens. American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(1–2), 5161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menon, S. V., & Allen, N. E. (2020). Community organizing and transformative change in the response to domestic violence in India. American Journal of Community Psychology, 66(1–2), 106118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menon, S. V., & Allen, N. E. (2021a). Community organizing and counter narratives in the response to domestic violence in India. American Journal of Community Psychology, 67(1–2), 184194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menon, S. V., & Allen, N. E. (2021b). Empowering practices with domestic violence survivors in India. Violence Against Women, 28(3–4), 10081032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
More, N. S., Das, S., Bapat, U., Alcock, G., Manjrekar, S., Kamble, V., … Osrin, D. (2017). Community resource centres to improve the health of women and children in informal settlements in Mumbai: A cluster-randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health, 5(3), e335e349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muthal-Rathore, A., Tripathi, R., & Arora, R. (2002). Domestic violence against pregnant women interviewed at a hospital in New Delhi. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 76, 8385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, N., Daruwalla, N., Osrin, D., Rath, S., Gagrai, S., Sahu, R., … Prost, A. (2020). Community mobilisation to prevent violence against women and girls in eastern India through participatory learning and action with women’s groups facilitated by accredited social health activists: A before-and-after pilot study. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 20(1), 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohmer, M. L. (2007). Citizen participation in neighborhood organizations and its relationship to volunteers’ self- and collective efficacy and sense of community. Social Work Research, 31, 109120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, D. D., Hughey, J., & Speer, P. W. (2002). Community psychology perspectives on social capital theory and community development practice. Community Development, 33(1), 3352.Google Scholar
Pronyk, P. M., Hargreaves, J. R., Kim, J. C., Morison, L. A., Phetla, G., Watts, C., … Porter, J. D. (2006). Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: A cluster randomised trial. The Lancet, 368(9551), 19731983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Crothers, L. & Lockhard, C. (Eds.), Culture and politics: A reader (pp. 223234). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Raj, A., Silverman, J. G., Klugman, J., Saggurti, N., Donta, B., & Shakya, H. B. (2018). Longitudinal analysis of the impact of economic empowerment on risk for intimate partner violence among married women in rural Maharashtra, India. Social Science & Medicine, 196, 197203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semahegn, A., Torpey, K., Manu, A., Assefa, N., Tesfaye, G., & Ankomah, A. (2019). Are interventions focused on gender-norms effective in preventing domestic violence against women in low and lower-middle income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., & Hughey, J. (1995). Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 729748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Christens, B. D., & Peterson, N. A. (2021). Participation in community organizing: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of impacts on sociopolitical development. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31943214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Peterson, N. A., Zippay, A., & Christens, B. D. (2010). Participation in congregation- based organizing: Mixed-method study of civic engagement. In Roberts-DeGennaro, M. & Fogel, S. J. (Eds.), Using evidence to inform practice for community and organizational change (pp. 200217). Lyceum.Google Scholar
Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: How men entrap women in personal life (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. (1999). Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 4353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suneetha, A., & Nagaraj, V. (2006). A difficult match: Women’s actions and legal institutions in the face of domestic violence. Economic and Political Weekly, 41(41), 43554362.Google Scholar
Trickett, E. (2011). Settings and empowerment. In Aber, M. S., Maton, K. I., & Seidman, E. (Eds.), Empowering settings and voices for social change (pp. 94106). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
United Nations‐Habitat. (2004). The challenge of slums: Global report on human settlements 2003. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 15(3), 337338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visaria, L. (2000). Violence against women: A field study. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(20), 17421751.Google Scholar
Wagman, J. A., Gray, R. H., Campbell, J. C., Thoma, M., Ndyanabo, A., Ssekasanvu, J., … Brahmbhatt, H. (2015). Effectiveness of an integrated intimate partner violence and HIV prevention intervention in Rakai, Uganda: Analysis of an intervention in an existing cluster randomised cohort. The Lancet Global Health, 3(1), e23e33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, R. J., Diemer, M. A., & Voight, A. M. (2011). Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 134, 4357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welzel, C., Inglehart, R., & Deutsch, F. (2005). Social capital, voluntary associations and collective action: Which aspects of social capital have the greatest “civic” payoff? Journal of Civil Society, 1(2), 121146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, K., Agrawal, N. R., Poudel, K. C., & Jimba, M. (2012). A lifetime experience of violence and adverse reproductive outcomes: Findings from population surveys in India. Bioscience Trends, 6(3), 115121.Google ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 581600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis. In Rappaport, J. & Seidman, E. (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 430463). Plenum Press.Google Scholar

References

Alinsky, S. D. (1971). Rules for radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Berube, A., Kim, A., Forman, B., & Burns, M. (2002). The price of paying taxes: How tax preparation and refund loan fees erode the benefits of EITC. Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Blackwell, A. G., Thompson, M., Freudenberg, N., Ayers, J., Schrantz, D., & Minkler, M. (2012) Using community organizing and community building to impact on policy. In Minkler, M. (Ed.), Community organizing and community building for health and welfare (3rd ed.) (pp. 371385). Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, F. (2007). The living wage movement: Potential implications for the working poor. Families in Society, 88(3), 437442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrasco, J. (2000, April 24). Beyond the Good Samaritan [Invited Talk]. Rutgers School of Social Work.Google Scholar
Chambers, E. T. (2003). Roots for radicals: Organizing for power, action, and justice. Continuum.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2010). Public relationship building in grassroots community organizing: Relational intervention for individual and systems change. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(7), 886900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2011). Contextual influences on participation in community organizing: A multilevel longitudinal study. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47(3–4), 253263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2015). Community organizing: Practice, research, and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 193222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., Hanlin, C. E., & Speer, P. W. (2007). Getting the social organism thinking: Strategy for systems change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(3–4), 229238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christens, B. D., Jones, D. L., & Speer, P. W. (2008). Power, conflict, and spirituality: A qualitative study of faith-based community organizing. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 9(1), 21.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D., Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2011). Community participation and psychological empowerment: Testing reciprocal causality using a cross-lagged panel design and latent constructs. Health Education & Behavior, 38(4), 339347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, D. G., & Christens, B. D. (2019). Justice system reform for health equity: A mixed methods examination of collaborating for equity and justice principles in a grassroots organizing coalition. Health Education & Behavior, 46(Suppl. 1), 62S70S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, K. (2012). Introduction to the special issue on faith-based organizing in the USA. International Journal of Public Theology, 6(4), 383397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delehanty, J., & Oyakawa, M. (2018). Building a collective moral imaginary: Personalist culture and social performance in faith-based community organizing. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 6(2), 266295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, G. (1986). Organizing the movement: The roots and growth of ACORN. Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Deslippe, D. (2019). “As in a civics text come to life”: The East Brooklyn Congregations’ Nehemiah housing plan and “citizens power” in the 1980s. Journal of Urban History, 45(5), 10301049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dokecki, P. R. (2004). The clergy sexual abuse crisis: Reform and renewal in the Catholic community. Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Ellen, I. G., Schill, M. H., Susin, S., & Schwartz, A. E. (2001). Building homes, reviving neighborhoods: Spillovers from subsidized construction of owner-occupied housing in New York City. Journal of Housing Research, 12(2), 185216.Google Scholar
Evans, P., & Sewell, W. H. (2013). The neoliberal era: Ideology, policy, and social effects. In Hall, P. A. & Lamont, M. (Eds.), Social resilience in the neoliberal era (pp. 3568). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faith in Action. (2023, May 18). Where we work. Faith in Action. https://faithinactioninternational.org/where-we-work/Google Scholar
Fisher, R. (1994). Let the people decide: Neighborhood organizing in America. Twayne Publishers.Google Scholar
Fisher, R., Brooks, F., & Russell, D. (2007). “Don’t be a blockhead”: ACORN, protest tactics, and refund anticipation loans. Urban Affairs Review, 42(4), 553582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, N., & McAdam, D. (2012). A theory of fields. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franck, R., & Iannaccone, L. R. (2014). Religious decline in the 20th century West: Testing alternative explanations. Public Choice, 159, 385414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulkerson, M. M. (2012). Receiving from the other: Theology and grass-roots organizing. International Journal of Public Theology, 6(4), 421434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganz, M. (2010). Why David sometimes wins: Leadership, organization, and strategy in the California farm worker movement. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gellman, E. S., & Roll, J. (2011). The gospel of the working class: Labor’s southern prophets in New Deal America. University of Illinois Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, J. (2021). Resistance, race, and subjectivity in congregation-based community organizing. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31413161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, H., McKenna, E., & Oyakawa, M. (2021). Prisms of the people: Power and organizing in twenty-first century America. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S. (2001). Cultural dilemmas of progressive politics: Styles of engagement among grassroots activists. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haug, C. (2013). Organizing spaces: Meeting arenas as a social movement infrastructure between organization, network, and institution. Organization Studies, 34(5–6), 705732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwitt, S. D. (1989). Let them call me rebel: Saul Alinsky his life and times. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, D. A. (2001). Doing justice: Congregations and community organizing. Fortress Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, K., Noe, T., Collins, D., Strader, T., & Bucholtz, G. (2000). Mobilizing church communities to prevent alcohol and other drug abuse: A model strategy and its evaluation. Journal of Community Practice, 7(2), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, R. D. G. (1990). Hammer and hoe: Alabama communists during the great depression. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Langan, M. (2018). Neo-colonialism and the poverty of “development” in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levad, A. (2019). Repairing the breach: Faith-based community organizing to dismantle mass incarceration. Religions, 10(1), 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, M. F. (2020). Who wants to make America great again? Understanding evangelical support for Donald Trump. Politics and Religion, 13(1), 89118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, I. (2006). Do living wage policies diffuse? Urban Affairs Review, 41(5), 710719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlevey, J. F. (2016). No shortcuts: Organizing for power in the new gilded age. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J. D., & Walker, E. T. (2004). Alternative organizational repertoires of poor people’s social movement organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(3), 97s119s.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medellin, P. J., Speer, P. W., Christens, B. D., & Gupta, J. (2021). Transformation to leadership: Learning about self, the community, the organization, and the system. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31223140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, A. D. (1984). The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. The Free Press.Google Scholar
Neal, J. W., & Christens, B. D. (2014). Linking the levels: Network and relational perspectives for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(3–4), 314323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Donovan, O. (2008). Church in crisis: The gay controversy and the Anglican communion. Cascade Books.Google Scholar
Olarinmoye, O. O. (2012). Faith-based organizations and development: Prospects and constraints. Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies, 29(1), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterman, P. (2002). Gathering power: The future of progressive politics in America. Beacon Press Books.Google Scholar
Osterman, P. (2006). Overcoming oligarchy: Culture and agency in social movement organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 622649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyakawa, M. (2015). “Turning private pain into public action”: The cultivation of identity narratives by a faith-based community organization. Qualitative Sociology, 38(4), 395415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, C. M. (1995). I’ve got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Phipps, A. A., Heintz, K., & Franke, M. (1994). Evaluation of the Nehemiah Housing opportunity program. US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.Google Scholar
Pyysiäinen, J., Halpin, D., & Guilfoyle, A. (2017). Neoliberal governance and “responsibilization” of agents: Reassessing the mechanisms of responsibility-shift in neoliberal discursive environments. Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 215235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ransby, B. (2003). Ella Baker & the Black Freedom Movement: A radical democratic vision. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(1), 125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, B., & Hanna, M. G. (1994). Lessons for academics from grassroots community organizing: A case study – The Industrial Areas Foundation. Journal of Community Practice, 1(4), 6394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusch, L., & Swarts, H. (2015). Practices of engagement: Comparing and integrating deliberation and organizing. Journal of Community Practice, 23(1), 526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safford, S. (2009). Why the garden club couldn’t save Youngstown: The transformation of the rust belt. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schutz, A., & Sandy, M. G. (2011). Collective action for social change: An introduction to community organizing. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slate, N. (2012). Colored cosmopolitanism: The shared struggle for freedom in the United States and India. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2012). Local community organizing and change: Altering policy in the housing and community development system in Kansas City. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(5), 414427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2013). An approach to scholarly impact through strategic engagement in community-based research. Journal of Social Issues, 69(4), 734753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2015). Community organizing. In Scott, V. C. & Wolfe, S. M. (Eds.), Community psychology: Foundations for practice (pp. 220236). Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Han, H. (2018). Re-engaging social relationships and collective dimensions of organizing to revive democratic practice. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(2), 745758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Hughey, J. (1995). Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 729748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Christens, B. D., & Peterson, N. A. (2021). Participation in community organizing: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of impacts on sociopolitical development. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31943214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Hughey, J., Gensheimer, L. K., & Adams-Leavitt, W. (1995). Organizing for power: A comparative case-study. Journal of Community Psychology, 23(1), 5773.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., Ontkush, M., Schmitt, B., Raman, P., Jackson, C., Rengert, K. M., & Peterson, N. A. (2003). The intentional exercise of power: Community organizing in Camden, New Jersey. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13(5), 399408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., Tesdahl, E. A., & Ayers, J. F. (2014). Community organizing practices in a globalizing era: Building power for health equity at the community level. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(1), 159169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steensland, B., & Wright, E. L. (2014). American evangelicals and conservative politics: Past, present, and future. Sociology Compass, 8(6), 705717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugrue, T. J. (1995). Reassessing the history of postwar America. Prospects, 20, 493509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swarts, H. (2011). Drawing new symbolic boundaries over old social boundaries: Forging social movement unity in congregation-based community organizing. Sociological Perspectives, 54(3), 453477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vegter, A., & Kelley, M. (2020). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of gun ownership. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 59(3), 526540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (1998). Community building and political power – A community organizing approach to democratic renewal. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(1), 7892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (2001). Dry bones rattling: Community building to revitalize American democracy. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (2009). Community organizing in Britain: The political engagement of faith-based social capital. City & Community, 8(2), 99127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R., & Wood, R. L. (2001, October 30). Faith-based community organizing: The state of the field. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/faith-based-community-organizing-the-state-of-the-field/Google Scholar
Whitman, G. (2018). Stand up!: How to get involved, speak out, and win in a world on fire. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Google Scholar
Whyte, W. F., & Whyte, K. K. (1988). Making Mondragon: The growth and dynamics of the worker cooperative complex. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (2009). Philosophical investigations. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Wood, R. L. (1999). Religious culture and political action. Sociological Theory, 17(3), 307332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L. (2002). Faith in action: Religion, race, and democratic organizing in America. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wood, R. L. (2003, October 29). Renewing congregations: The contribution of faith-based community organizing. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/renewing-congregations-the-contribution-of-faith-based-community-organizing/Google Scholar
Wood, R. L., & Fulton, B. R. (2015). A shared future: Faith-based organizing for racial equity and ethnical democracy. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L., & Warren, M. R. (2002). A different face of faith-based politics: Social capital and community organizing in the public arena. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22(9–10), 654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L., Fulton, B. R., & Partridge, K. (2012, October 29). Building bridges, building power: Developments in institution-based community organizing. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/building-bridges-building-power-developments-in-institution-based-community-organizing/Google Scholar

References

Abrego, L. (2006). “I can’t go to college because i don’t have papers”: Incorporation patterns of Latino undocumented youth. Latino Studies, 4, 212231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrego, L. (2011). Legal consciousness of undocumented Latinos: Fear and stigma as barriers to claims-making for first- and 1.5-generation immigrants. Law and Society Review, 45(2), 337369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrego, L., & Negrón-Gonzales, G. (2020). We are not dreamers: Undocumented scholars theorize undocumented life in the United States. Duke University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Almaguer, T. (2008). Racial fault lines: The historical origins of White supremacy in California. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ancheta, A. (2006). Race, rights, and the Asian American experience. Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Aptekar, S. (2015). The road to citizenship: What naturalization means for immigrants and the United States. Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Bardacke, F. (2013). The UFW and the undocumented. International Labor and Working-Class History, 83, 162169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brettell, C. B. (n.d.). From civic to political engagement: the role of associations and organizations. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. www.amacad.org/publication/political-and-civic-engagement-immigrants/section/5Google Scholar
Bloemraad, I. (2006). Becoming a citizen: Incorporating immigrants and refugees in the United States and Canada. University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloemraad, I., & Voss, K. (2020). Movement or moment? Lessons from the pro-immigrant movement in the United States and contemporary challenges. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(4), 683704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloemraad, I., Chaudhary, A. R., & Gleeson, S. (2022). Immigrant organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 48, 319341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budiman, A. (2020, August 20). Key findings about U.S. immigrants. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/20/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/Google Scholar
Budiman, A., Tamir, C., Mora, L., & Noe-Bustamante, L. (2020, August 20). Facts on U.S. immigrants, 2018: Statistical portrait of foreign-born population in the United States. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/20/facts-on-u-s-immigrants/Google Scholar
Cadava, G. (2021). The Hispanic Republican: The shaping of an American political identity, from Nixon to Trump. Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Calavita, K. (1989). The contradictions of immigration lawmaking: The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Law and Policy, 11(1), 1747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capps, R., Bachmeier, J. D., & Van Hook, J. (2018). Estimating the characteristics of unauthorized immigrants using US Census data: Combined sample multiple imputation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 677(1), 165179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capps, R., Gelatt, J., Ruiz Soto, A. G., & Van Hook, J. (2020, December). Unauthorized immigrants in the United States: Stable numbers, changing origins. Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/research/unauthorized-immigrants-united-states-stable-numbers-changing-originsGoogle Scholar
Cardenas, C. (2018, August 9). 5 young activists on what abolishing ICE actually means. Remezcla. https://remezcla.com/lists/culture/abolish-ice-activists/Google Scholar
Chauvin, S., & Garcés-Mascareñas, B. (2014). Becoming less illegal: Deservingness frames and undocumented immigrant incorporation. Sociology Compass, 8(4), 422432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cisneros, J., Valdivia, D., Reyna Rivarola, A. R., & Russell, F. (2022). “I’m here to fight along with you”: Undocumented student resource centers creating possibilities. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 15(5), 607616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CNN Wire Staff. (2010, December 18). Procedural vote on DREAM Act fails in Senate. CNN Politics. www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/12/18/congress.dream.act/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Coutin, S. (2011). The rights of noncitizens in the United States. Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences, 7, 289308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Graauw, E. (2016). Making immigrant rights real: Nonprofits and the politics of integration in San Francisco. Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGenova, N. (2004). The legal production of Mexican/migrant “illegality.” Latino Studies, 2, 160185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeSipio, L. (2012). Immigrant participation. In Rosenblum, M. R. & Tichenor, D. J. (Eds.), Oxford handbook of the politics of international migration (pp. 171189). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar-Ortiz, R. (2021). Not “a nation of immigrants”: Settler colonialism, White supremacy, and a history of erasure and exclusion. Beacon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, B. (2021). The psychology of migrant “illegality”: A general theory. Law and Social Inquiry, 46(4), 12361271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enriquez, L. (2011). “Because we feel the pressure and we feel the support”: Examining the educational success of undocumented immigrant Latina/o students. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 476499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enriquez, L. (2019). Border hopping Mexicans, law-abiding Asians, and racialized illegality: Analyzing undocumented college students’ experiences through a relational lens. In Molina, N., Martinez HoSang, D., & Gutiérrez, R. A. (Eds.), Relational formations of race: Theory, method, and practice (pp. 257277). University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, K. (2017, March 21). Immigration reform 2.0: Going beyond the “good” vs. “bad” immigrant framework. LatinoUSA. www.latinousa.org/2017/03/21/immigration-reform-2-0-going-beyond-good-vs-bad-immigrant-framework-opinion/Google Scholar
Escudero, K. (2020). Organizing while undocumented: Immigrant youth’s political activism under the law. New York University Press.Google Scholar
Escudero, K., & Pallares, A. (2021). Civil disobedience as strategic resistance in the US immigrant rights movement. Antipode, 53(2), 422444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espiritu, Y. L. (2014). Body counts: The Vietnam War and militarized refuge(es). University of California Press.Google Scholar
FitzGerald, D. S., & Arar, R. (2018). The sociology of refugee migration. Annual Review of Sociology, 44, 387406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, S. J. (2017). Racializing “illegality”: An intersectional approach to understanding how Mexican-origin women navigate an anti-immigrant climate. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 3(4), 474490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleeson, S. (2010). Labor rights for all? The role of undocumented immigrant status for worker claims making. Law and Social Inquiry, 35(3), 561602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomberg-Muñoz, R. (2012). Inequality in a “postracial era.” DuBois Review, 9(2), 339353.Google Scholar
Gonzales, R. G., Ellis, B. D., Rendón-García, S. A., & Brant, K. (2018). (Un)authorized transitions: Illegality, DACA, and the life course. Research in Human Development, 15(3–4), 345359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groenendijk, K. (2008). Local voting rights for non-nationals in Europe: What we know and what we need to learn. Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/Groenendijk-final%5B1%5D.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gulasekaram, P., & Ramakrishnan, K. (2015). The new immigration federalism. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutiérrez, D. (1991). Sin fronteras?: Chicanos, Mexican Americans, and the emergence of the contemporary Mexican immigration debate, 1968–1978. Journal of American Ethnic History, 10(4), 537.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, D. (1995). Walls and mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican immigrants, and the politics of ethnicity. University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamlin, R. (2021). Crossing: How we label and react to people on the move. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hochschild, J., Chattopadhyay, J., Gay, C., & Jones-Correa, M. (2013). Outsiders no more?: Models of immigrant incorporation. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, S. (2007, October 17). Our parents are the original dreamers: how to fight for a clean DREAM Act. Truthout. https://truthout.org/articles/our-parents-are-the-original-dreamers-how-to-fight-for-a-clean-dream-act/Google Scholar
Kelley, R. D. G. (1999). Building bridges: The challenge of organized labor in California communities of color. New Labor Forum, 5, 4258.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. L. (2018, June 20). The original DREAMer recalls “all pervasive” fear as an undocumented child. NPR All Things Considered. www.npr.org/2018/06/20/622002025/the-original-dreamer-recalls-all-pervasive-fear-as-an-undocumented-childGoogle Scholar
Kini, T. (2005). Sharing the vote: Noncitizen voting rights in local school board elections. California Law Review, 93(1), 271321.Google Scholar
Kuang, J. (2016, May 25). Activist sues immigration agencies over denial of deferred deportation renewal. Chicago Tribune. www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-immigrant-activist-daca-lawsuit-met-20160525-story.htmlGoogle Scholar
Lee, E. (2004). At America’s gates: Chinese immigration during the exclusion era, 1882–1943. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Levere, J. L. (2020, May 12). From piano to dreamer: The inspiring story of Tereza Lee. New York Public Radio. www.wqxr.org/story/piano-dreamer-tereza-lee/Google Scholar
Loza, M. (2016). Defiant Braceros: How migrant workers fought for racial, sexual, and political freedom. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maira, S. M. (2009). Missing: youth, citizenship, and empire after 9/11. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Massey, D. S., Durand, J., & Malone, N. J. (2003). Beyond smoke and mirrors: Mexican immigration in an era of economic integration. Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
McCann, J. A., & Jones-Correa, M. (2020). Holding fast: Resilience and civic engagement among Latino immigrants. Russell Sage Foundation.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menjívar, C. (2006). Liminal legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants’ lives in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 111(4), 9991037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menjívar, C., & Abrego, L. (2012). Legal violence: Immigration law and the lives of Central American immigrants. American Journal of Sociology, 117(5), 13801421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menjívar, C., & Kanstroom, D. (Eds.). (2014). Constructing immigrant “illegality”: Critiques, experiences, and responses. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Motomura, H. (2007). Americans in waiting: The lost story of immigration and citizenship in the United States. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Muñoz, S. M. (2015). Identity, social activism, and the pursuit of higher education. Peter Lang.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Immigration Law Center. (2011, May). DREAM Act: A summary. National Immigration Law Center. www.nilc.org/issues/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions/dreamact/dreamsummary/Google Scholar
Negrón-Gonzales, G., Abrego, L. J., & Coll, K. (2015). Introduction: Immigrant Latina/o youth and illegality: Challenging the politics of deservingness. Association of Mexican-American Educators Journal (AMAE), 9(3), 710.Google Scholar
Ngai, M. (2014). Impossible subjects: Illegal aliens and the making of modern America. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholls, W. (2013). The DREAMers: How the undocumented youth movement transformed the immigrant rights debate. Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholls, W. (2019). The immigrant rights movement: The battle over national citizenship. Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ong Hing, B. (2003). Defining America through immigration policy. Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Pallares, A. (2014). Family activism: Immigrant struggles and the politics of noncitizenship. Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Pallares, A., & Flores-González, N. (2010). Marcha! Latino Chicago and the immigrant rights movement. University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Patler, C. (2014). Racialized illegality: The convergence of race and legal status among Black, Latino, and Asian-American undocumented young adults. In Carty, V., Luévano, R., & Woldemikael, T. (Eds.), Scholars and Southern California immigrants in dialogue: New conversations in public sociology (pp. 93114). Lexington Press.Google Scholar
Patler, C. (2018). To reveal of conceal: How diverse undocumented youth navigate legal status disclosure. Sociological Perspectives, 61(6), 857873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patler, C., & Gonzales, R. G. (2015). Framing citizenship: Media coverage of anti-deportation cases led by undocumented immigrant youth organizations. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(9), 14531474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez Huber, L., Benavides Lopez, C., Malagon, M., Velez, V., & Solorzano, D. G. (2008). Getting beyond the ‘symptom,’ acknowledging the ‘disease’: Theorizing racist nativism. Contemporary Justice Review, 11(1), 3951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pew Research Center. (2013, January 29). A nation of immigrants. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2013/01/29/a-nation-of-immigrants/Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, S. K., & Bloemraad, I. (Eds.). (2008). Civic hopes and political realities: Immigrants, community organizations, and political engagement. Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, C. M. (2008). The significance of the local in immigration regulation. Michigan Law Review, 106, 567642.Google Scholar
Romero, V. (2005). Alienated: Immigrant rights, the constitution, and equality in America. New York University Press.Google Scholar
Rumbaut, R. (2004). Ages, life stages, and generational cohorts: Decomposing the immigrant first and second generations in the United States. International Migration Review, 38(3), 11601205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumbaut, R. (2012). Generation 1.5, educational experiences of. In Banks, J. A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of diversity in education. SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Sanchez, M. G., & Batalova, J. (2021, November 10). Naturalized Citizens in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/article/naturalization-trends-united-statesGoogle Scholar
Solórzano, R. R. (2022). Notes from the Trail of Dreams: The KKK, face-offs, and radical risk-taking movidas. Latino Studies, 20, 427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, S. (2009). Democracy and noncitizen voting rights. Citizenship Studies, 13(6), 607620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez-Orozco, C., Yoshikawa, H., Teranishi, R. T., & Suárez-Orozco, M. M. (2011). Growing up in the shadows: The developmental implications of unauthorized status. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 438472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, E. (2015). Unsettled: Cambodian refugees in the NYC hyperghetto. Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Terriquez, V. (2015). Intersectional mobilization, social movement spillover, and queer youth leadership in the immigrant rights movement. Social Problems, 62(3), 343362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tran, T. (2007, May 18). Testimony of Tam Tran: House Judiciary Committee’s Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law. National Immigration Law Center. www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/tam-tran-2007-05-18.pdfGoogle Scholar
Unzueta Carrasco, T., & Seif, H. (2014). Disrupting the dream: undocumented youth reframe citizenship and deportability through anti-deportation activism. Latino Studies, 12(2), 279299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasilogambros, M. (2021, July 1). Noncitizens are slowly gaining voting rights. Stateline. https://stateline.org/2021/07/01/noncitizens-are-slowly-gaining-voting-rights/Google Scholar
Voss, K., & Bloemraad, I. (Eds.). (2011). Rallying for immigrant rights: the fight for inclusion in 21st century America. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Walia, H. (2013). Undoing border imperialism. AK Press.Google Scholar
Wong, J. (2006). Democracy’s promise: Immigrants and American civic institutions. University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, J., & Shah, S. (2021). Convergence across difference: Understanding the political ties that bind with the 2016 National Asian American Survey. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 7(2), 7092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, J., Ramakrishnan, S. K., Lee, T., & Junn, J. (2011). Asian American political participation: Emerging constituencies and their political identities. Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Yalamarty, H. (2020). Lessons from “no ban on stolen land.” Studies in Social Justice, 14(2), 474485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshikawa, H. (2011). Immigrants raising citizens: Undocumented parents and their young children. Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Zepeda-Millán, C. (2017). Latino mass mobilization: immigration, racialization, and activism. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, A. (2016). Transmedia testimonio: Examining undocumented youth’s political activism in the digital age. International Journal of Communication, 10, 18861906.Google Scholar

References

Alinsky, S. (1971). Rules for radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals. Random House.Google Scholar
American Public Health Association. (2018, November 13). Addressing law enforcement violence as a public health issue (policy no. 201811). American Public Health Association. www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2019/01/29/law-enforcement-violenceGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. The Lancet, 389(10077), 14531463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benjamin, R. (2019). Captivating technology: Race, carceral technoscience, and liberatory imagination in everyday life. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Black Youth Project 100. (2022a). About Black Youth Project 100. Black Youth Project 100. www.byp100.org/aboutGoogle Scholar
Black Youth Project 100. (2022b). Agenda to Build Black Futures. Black Youth Project 100. www.agendatobuildblackfutures.com/view-agendaGoogle Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2019). Feeling race: Theorizing the racial economy of emotions. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracey, G. E. (2016). Black movements need Black theorizing: Exposing implicit whiteness in political process theory. Sociological Focus, 49(1), 1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brazzell, M., & Meiners, E. R. (2022). Transnational transformative justice: An opening roundtable. In Bierria, A., Lober, B., & Caruthers, J. (Eds.), Abolition feminisms: Organizing, survival, and transformative practice (pp. 263292). Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Brazzell, M., & Sarkar, S. (2022, February 5). Black joy as power: A case study of national organizing strategy. P3 Lab, Johns Hopkins University. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/hahrie/pages/1200/attachments/original/1644441182/Deep_Dive_Color_of_Change_02_05_2022.pdf?1644441182Google Scholar
Buchanan, L., Bui, Q., & Patel, J. K. (2020, July 3). Black Lives Matter may be the largest movement in U.S. history. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.htmlGoogle Scholar
Campaign Zero. (2022). 8 Can’t Wait. Campaign Zero. https://8cantwait.orgGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, B. (2018). Eloquent rage: A Black feminist discovers her superpower. St. Martin’s Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, K. W., & Ritchie, A. J. (2015). Say her name: Resisting police brutality against Black women. African American Policy Forum, Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies. www.aapf.org/_files/ugd/62e126_9223ee35c2694ac3bd3f2171504ca3f7.pdfGoogle Scholar
Critical Resistance 10 Publications Collective. (2008). Abolition now!: Ten years of strategy and struggle against the prison industrial complex. AK Press.Google Scholar
Davies, E. (2021). From adherents to activists: The process of social movement mobilization [Dissertation]. University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Freire, P. (2014). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing USA.Google Scholar
Gamble, K. L. (2021). The power of building a political home: Black civic engagement and movement organizing. Sojourn Strategies. www.sojournstrategies.com/powerofbuildingapoliticalhomeGoogle Scholar
Ganz, M. (2009). What is public narrative: self, us & now (public narrative worksheet). Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/30760283/Public-Narrative-Worksheet-Fall-2013-.pdfGoogle Scholar
Givan, R. K., Roberts, K. M., & Soule, S. A. (2010). The diffusion of social movements: Actors, mechanisms, and political effects. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gladwell, M. (2010, October 4). Small change: Why the revolution will not be tweeted. The New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwellGoogle Scholar
Gorz, A. (1967). Strategy for labor: A radical proposal. Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Green, K. M., Taylor, J. N., Williams, P. I., & Roberts, C. (2018). #BlackHealingMatters in the time of #BlackLivesMatter. Biography, 41(4), 909941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, H. (2014). How organizations develop activists: Civic associations and leadership in the 21st century. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, H., McKenna, E., & Oyakawa, M. (2021). Prisms of the people: Power & organizing in twenty-first-century America. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertel-Fernandez, A. (2020). How policymakers can craft measures that endure and build political power. The Roosevelt Institute.Google Scholar
hooks, b. (1996). Killing rage: Ending racism. Macmillan.Google Scholar
INCITE!. (2007). The revolution will not be funded: Beyond the non-profit industrial complex. South End Press.Google Scholar
Interrupting Criminalization. (2020). The demand is still #DefundPolice. Interrupting Criminalization. www.interruptingcriminalization.com/defundpolice-updateGoogle Scholar
Jackson, S. J., Bailey, M., & Welles, B. F. (2020). #HashtagActivism: Networks of race and gender justice. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, J. (2015). Black joy in the time of Ferguson. QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking, 2(2), 177183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karpf, D. (2012). The MoveOn effect: The unexpected transformation of American political advocacy. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindy, K. (2021, October 7). Dozens of states have tried to end qualified immunity. Police officers and unions helped beat nearly every bill. The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/politics/qualified-immunity-police-lobbying-state-legislatures/2021/10/06/60e546bc-0cdf-11ec-aea1-42a8138f132a_story.htmlGoogle Scholar
Lorde, A. (2007). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press.Google Scholar
Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A radical view (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D. (1982). Political process and the development of Black insurgency, 1930–1970. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, D. (1990). Freedom summer. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1996). Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney Gray, M., Harris, J., & Fekade, M. (2022). Collective Black joy events catalyze strong emotional sentiment and deepen organizational involvement [Working paper]. Color Of Change–Democracy and Power Innovation Fund partnership.Google Scholar
Mills, C. W. (1960). Letter to the New Left. New Left Review, 5, 1823.Google Scholar
Momentum. (2022). Momentum resources. Momentum Community. www.momentumcommunity.org/resourcesGoogle Scholar
Morozov, E. (2012). The net delusion: The dark side of Internet freedom. PublicAffairs.Google Scholar
Morris, A. (1981). Black southern student sit-in movement: An analysis of internal organization. American Sociological Review, 46(6), 744767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, A. D. (1986). The origins of the civil rights movement. Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Movement for Black Lives. (2022). Movement for Black Lives. https://m4bl.orgGoogle Scholar
Munro, J. (2017). The anticolonial front: The African American freedom struggle and global decolonisation, 1945–1960. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oparah, J. C., & Sudbury, J. (1998). Other kinds of dreams: Black women’s organisations and the politics of transformation. Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1979). Poor people’s movements: Why they succeed, how they fail. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Ransby, B. (2003). Ella Baker and the Black freedom movement: A radical democratic vision. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, C. J. (2005). Black Marxism: The making of the Black radical tradition. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Robnett, B. (2000). How long? How long?: African American women in the struggle for civil rights. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S., Booth-Tobin, J., & Schutt, R. (2021, December 15). Social homes as sources of power for health equity. P3 Lab, Johns Hopkins University. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/hahrie/pages/1200/attachments/original/1639681721/Social_Homes_Final_Draft.pdf?1639681721Google Scholar
Scott-Heron, G. (1971). The revolution will not be televised [Record]. Flying Dutchman Records.Google Scholar
Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. Penguin.Google Scholar
Simpson, C. D., Walter, A., & Ebert, K. (2021). “Brainwashing for the right reasons with the right message”: Ideology and political subjectivity in Black organizing. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 26(4), 401420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life. University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Smidt, C. E., Kellstedt, L. A., & Guth, J. L. (2009). The role of religion in American politics: Explanatory theories and associated analytical and measurement issues. In Guth, J. L. (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of religion and American politics (pp. 342). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Snow, D. A., & Benford, R. D. (1992). Master frames and cycles of protest. In Morris, A. D. & Mueller, C. M. (Eds.), Frontiers in social movement theory (pp. 133155). Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Southern Poverty Law Center. (2021, February 23). SPLC reports over 160 Confederate symbols removed in 2020. Southern Poverty Law Center. www.splcenter.org/presscenter/splc-reports-over-160-confederate-symbols-removed-2020Google Scholar
Sudbury, J. (1998). Other kinds of dreams: Black women’s organisations and the politics of transformation. Routledge.Google Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1998). Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tate, J., Jenkins, J., Rich, S., Myuskens, J., & Fox, J. (2022, March 24). Fatal force: Police shootings database. The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/Google Scholar
There Are Black People in the Future (n.d.). About. There Are Black People in the Future. www.thereareblackpeopleinthefuture.com/aboutGoogle Scholar
Thomson-DeVeaux, A. (2020, June 4). Why it’s so rare for police officers to face legal consequences. FiveThirtyEight. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-its-still-so-rare-for-police-officers-to-face-legal-consequences-for-misconduct/Google Scholar
Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. (2021). US Census Bureau QuickFacts. US Census Bureau. www.census.gov/quickfacts/USGoogle Scholar
Westerman, A., Benk, R., & Greene, D. (2020, December 30). In 2020, protests spread across the globe with a similar message: Black Lives Matter. National Public Radio. www.npr.org/2020/12/30/950053607/in-2020-protests-spread-across-the-globe-with-a-similar-message-black-lives-mattGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. E., & Headley, A. M. (2020). Police use of force interactions: Is race relevant or gender germane? The American Review of Public Administration, 50(8), 851864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Organizing and Activism
  • Edited by Brian D. Christens, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Community Empowerment
  • Online publication: 18 April 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009153720.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Organizing and Activism
  • Edited by Brian D. Christens, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Community Empowerment
  • Online publication: 18 April 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009153720.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Organizing and Activism
  • Edited by Brian D. Christens, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Community Empowerment
  • Online publication: 18 April 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009153720.002
Available formats
×