Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T09:18:26.294Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Aging Effects on Brain and Cognition: What Do We Learn from a Strategy Perspective?

from Part II - Mechanisms of Cognitive Aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2020

By
Thomas Hinault  and
Patrick Lemaire
Edited by
Ayanna K. Thomas  and
Angela Gutchess
Ayanna K. Thomas
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Angela Gutchess
Affiliation:
Brandeis University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

In this chapter, we provide an overview of how a strategy perspective fruitfully contributes to our understanding of aging effects on cognitive functioning and brain activations. We review previous research showing that people use a wide variety of strategies to accomplish cognitive tasks and how strategy use evolves during aging. Although strategic variations are modulated by individual differences and experimental conditions, older adults have been found to use fewer strategies, to use the more demanding strategies less often, to select the most appropriate strategy on each problem less often, and to be less efficient when executing a given strategy than young adults. Adopting a strategy approach enables better characterization of age-related changes observed in brain activations during task completion and contributes to specify the mechanistic and functional significance of age-related changes in neural recruitments. Finally, we review recent evidence suggesting that cognitive control processes underlie age-related changes in strategy use.

Keywords

arithmeticstrategyrepertoire (strategy)selection (strategy)execution (strategy)distribution (strategy)cognitive controlEEGERPMRI (structural)fMRIGray matter volumesalphacognitive controlMEG
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
A Life Course Perspective
 , pp. 127 - 146
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angel, L., Bastin, C., Genon, S., et al. (2016). Neural correlates of successful memory retrieval in aging: Do executive functioning and task difficulty matter? Brain Research, 1631, 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardiale, E., Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P. (2012). Aging and strategy switch costs: A study in arithmetic problem solving. L’Année Psychologique, 112(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.4074/S0003503312003028Google Scholar
Ardiale, E., & Lemaire, P. (2012). Within-item strategy switching: An age comparative study in adults. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 1138–1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027772Google Scholar
Ardiale, E., & Lemaire, P. (2013). Effects of execution duration on within-item strategy switching in young and older adults. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(4), 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.789854Google Scholar
Arning, K., & Ziefle, M. (2009). Effects of age, cognitive, and personal factors on PDA menu navigation performance. Behaviour and Information Technology, 28(3), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701679395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashcraft, M. H., & Battaglia, J. (1978). Cognitive arithmetic: Evidence for retrieval and decision processes in mental addition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(5), 527–538. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.4.5.527Google Scholar
Barulli, D. J., Rakitin, B. C., Lemaire, P., & Stern, Y. (2013). The influence of cognitive reserve on strategy selection in normal aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(07), 841–844. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617713000593CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bouazzaoui, B., Isingrini, M., Fay, S., et al. (2010). Aging and self-reported internal and external memory strategy uses: The role of executive functioning. Acta Psychologica, 135(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.05.007Google Scholar
Burger, L., Uittenhove, K., Lemaire, P., & Taconnat, L. (2017). Strategy difficulty effects in young and older adults’ episodic memory are modulated by inter-stimulus intervals and executive control processes. Acta Psychologica, 175, 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.02.003Google Scholar
Cabeza, R., Anderson, N. D., Locantore, J. K., & McIntosh, A. R. (2002). Aging gracefully: Compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. NeuroImage, 17(3), 1394–1402. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1280Google Scholar
Cabeza, R., Nyberg, L., & Park, D. (Eds.) (2016). Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, G., & Faulkner, D. (1983). Age differences in performance on two information-processing tasks: Strategy selection and processing efficiency. Journal of Gerontology, 38(4), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/38.4.447Google Scholar
Costello, M. C., Madden, D. J., Mitroff, S. R., & Whiting, W. L. (2010). Age-related decline of visual processing components in change detection. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017625Google Scholar
Daselaar, S. M., Iyengar, V., Davis, S. W., et al. (2015). Less wiring, more firing: Low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity. Cerebral Cortex, 25(4), 983–990. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht289Google Scholar
Davis, S. W., Dennis, N. A., Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., & Cabeza, R. (2007). QuéPASA? The posterior–anterior shift in aging. Cerebral Cortex, 18(5), 1201–1209. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm155Google Scholar
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dirkx, E., & Craik, F. I. M. (1992). Age-related differences in memory as a function of imagery processing. Psychology and Aging, 7(3), 352–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.352Google Scholar
Duthoo, W., Abrahamse, E. L., Braem, S., Boehler, C. N., & Notebaert, W. (2014). The heterogeneous world of congruency sequence effects: An update. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, p. 1001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01001Google Scholar
Duverne, S., & Lemaire, P. (2004). Age-related differences in arithmetic problem-verification strategies. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(3), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.3.P135Google Scholar
El Yagoubi, R., Lemaire, P., & Besson, M. (2005). Effects of aging on arithmetic problem-solving: An event-related brain potential study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929052880084CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fein, G., McGillivray, S., & Finn, P. (2007). Older adults make less advantageous decisions than younger adults: Cognitive and psychological correlates. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13(3), 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561770707052XGoogle Scholar
Folk, C. L., & Hoyer, W. J. (1992). Aging and shifts of visual spatial attention. Psychology and Aging, 7(3), 453–465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.453Google Scholar
Gandini, D., Lemaire, P., Anton, J.-L., & Nazarian, B. (2008). Neural correlates of approximate quantification strategies in young and older adults: An fMRI study. Brain Research, 1246, 144–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.096Google Scholar
Geary, D. C., Frensch, P. A., & Wiley, J. G. (1993). Simple and complex mental subtraction: Strategy choice and speed-of-processing differences in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 8(2), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.8.2.242CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geary, D. C., & Lin, J. (1998). Numerical cognition: Age-related differences in the speed of executing biologically primary and biologically secondary processes. Experimental Aging Research, 24(2), 101–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/036107398244274Google ScholarPubMed
Geary, D. C., & Wiley, J. G. (1991). Cognitive addition: Strategy choice and speed-of-processing differences in young and elderly adults. Psychology and Aging, 6(3), 474–483. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.6.3.474Google Scholar
Green, H. J., Lemaire, P., & Dufau, S. (2007). Eye movement correlates of younger and older adults’ strategies for complex addition. Acta Psychologica, 125(3), 257–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.08.001Google Scholar
Hartley, A. A., & Anderson, J. W. (1983). Task complexity and problem-solving performance in younger and older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 38(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/38.1.72Google Scholar
Hartley, J. T. (1986). Reader and text variables as determinants of discourse memory in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 1(2), 150–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.1.2.150Google Scholar
Hertzog, C., & Dunlosky, J. (2004). Aging, metacognition, and cognitive control. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, 45, 215–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(03)45006-8Google Scholar
Hertzog, C., Touron, D. R., & Hines, J. (2007). Does a time monitoring deficit influence older adults’ delayed retrieval shift during skill acquisition? Psychology and Aging, 22(3), 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.607Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Badier, J.-M., Baillet, S., & Lemaire, P. (2017a). The sources of sequential modulations of control processes in arithmetic strategies: A magnetoencephalography study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(6), 1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01102Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Dufau, S., & Lemaire, P. (2014a). Strategy combination in human cognition: A behavioral and ERP study in arithmetic. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 22(1), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0656-8Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Dufau, S., & Lemaire, P. (2014b). Sequential modulations of poorer-strategy effects during strategy execution: An event-related potential study in arithmetic. Brain and Cognition, 91, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.09.001Google Scholar
Hinault, T., & Lemaire, P. (2016). Age-related changes in strategic variations during arithmetic problem solving: The role of executive control. Progress in Brain Research, 227, 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinault, T., & Lemaire, P. (2017a). Aging and list-wide modulations of strategy execution: A study in arithmetic. Experimental Aging Research, 43(4), 323–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2017.1333817CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinault, T., & Lemaire, P. (2017b). Aging, rule-violation checking strategies, and strategy combination: An EEG study in arithmetic. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 120, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.07.003Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Lemaire, P., & Phillips, N. (2016a). Aging and sequential modulations of poorer strategy effects: An EEG study in arithmetic problem solving. Brain Research, 1630, 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.057Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Lemaire, P., & Touron, D. (2016b). Aging effects in sequential modulations of poorer-strategy effects during execution of memory strategies. Memory, 25(2), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1146300Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Lemaire, P., & Touron, D. (2017b). Strategy combination during execution of memory strategies in young and older adults. Memory, 25(5), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1200626Google Scholar
Hinault, T., Tiberghien, K., & Lemaire, P. (2015). Age-related differences in plausibility-checking strategies during arithmetic problem verification tasks. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(4), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu178CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P. (2011). Inhibition and shifting capacities mediate adults’ age-related differences in strategy selection and repertoire. Acta Psychologica, 137(3), 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.04.002Google Scholar
Husa, R. A., Gordon, B. A., Cochran, M. M., et al. (2017). Left caudal middle frontal gray matter volume mediates the effect of age on self-initiated elaborative encoding strategies. Neuropsychologia, 106, 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. M. (1990). Age differences in decision making: A process methodology for examining strategic information processing. Journals of Gerontology, 45(2), P75–P78. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.2.p75Google Scholar
Kirchhoff, B. A., Gordon, B. A., & Head, D. (2014). Prefrontal gray matter volume mediates age effects on memory strategies. NeuroImage, 90, 326–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.052Google Scholar
Kuhlmann, B. G., & Touron, D. R. (2012). Mediator-based encoding strategies in source monitoring in young and older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(5), 1352–1364. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027863Google Scholar
Lemaire, P. (2010). Cognitive strategy variations during aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410390354Google Scholar
Lemaire, P. (2016). Cognitive aging: The role of strategies. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Arnaud, L. (2008). Young and older adults’ strategies in complex arithmetic. American Journal of Psychology, 121(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/20445440CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemaire, P., Arnaud, L., & Lecacheur, M. (2004). Adults’ age-related differences in adaptivity of strategy choices: Evidence from computational estimation. Psychology and Aging, 19(3), 467–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.3.467Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Brun, F. (2014). Adults’ age-related differences in strategy perseveration are modulated by response-stimulus intervals and problem features. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(10), 1863–1870. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.939095Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Hinault, T. (2014). Age-related differences in sequential modulations of poorer-strategy effects. Experimental Psychology, 61(4), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000244Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Lecacheur, M. (2010). Strategy switch costs in arithmetic problem solving. Memory and Cognition, 38(3), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.3.322Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Leclère, M. (2014). Strategy repetition in young and older adults: A study in arithmetic. Developmental Psychology, 50(2), 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033527Google Scholar
Lemaire, P., & Reder, L. (1999). What affects strategy selection in arithmetic? The example of parity and five effects on product verification. Memory and Cognition, 27(2), 364–382. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211420CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luwel, K., Schillemans, V., Onghena, P., & Verschaffel, L. (2009). Does switching between strategies within the same task involve a cost? British Journal of Psychology, 100(4), 753–771. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712609X402801Google Scholar
Madden, D. J. (1988). Adult age differences in the effects of sentence context and stimulus degradation during visual word recognition. Psychology and Aging, 3, 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.3.2.167Google Scholar
Masse, C., & Lemaire, P. (2001). Do people combine the parity- and five-rule checking strategies in product verification? Psychological Research, 65(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004260000030CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mata, R., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2007). The aging decision maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision strategies. Psychology and Aging, 22(4), 796–810. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.4.796Google Scholar
Mata, R., von Helversen, B., & Rieskamp, J. (2010). Learning to choose: Cognitive aging and strategy selection learning in decision making. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018923Google Scholar
Meiran, N., Diamond, G. M., Toder, D., & Nemets, B. (2011). Cognitive rigidity in unipolar depression and obsessive compulsive disorder: Examination of task switching, Stroop, working memory updating and post-conflict adaptation. Psychiatry Research, 185(1–2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.044Google Scholar
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., et al. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734Google Scholar
Naveh-Benjamin, M., Guez, J., & Sorek, S. (2007). The effects of divided attention on encoding processes in memory: Mapping the locus of interference. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/cjep2007001Google Scholar
Osorio, A., Fay, S., Pouthas, V., & Ballesteros, S. (2010). Ageing affects brain activity in highly educated older adults: An ERP study using a word-stem priming task. Cortex, 46(4), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.003Google Scholar
Partington, J. E., & Leiter, R. G. (1949). Partington’s Pathways Test. Psychological Service Center Journal, 1, 11–20.Google Scholar
Poletti, C., Sleimen-Malkoun, R., Lemaire, P., & Temprado, J.-J. (2016). Sensori-motor strategic variations and sequential effects in young and older adults performing a Fitts’ task. Acta Psychologica, 163, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.10.003Google Scholar
Poletti, C., Sleimen-Malkoun, R., Temprado, J.-J., & Lemaire, P. (2015). Older and younger adults’ strategies in sensorimotor tasks: Insights from Fitts’ pointing task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41(2), 542–555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000033Google Scholar
Poletti, C., Temprado, J.-J., & Lemaire, P. (2017). Sequential difficulty effects in cognitive and sensorimotor tasks: Insights from arithmetic and Fitts’ tasks. American Journal of Psychology, 131(2), 161–173. https://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.131.2.0161Google Scholar
Reder, L. M., Wible, C. G., & Martin, J. (1986). Differential memory changes with age: Exact retrieval versus plausible inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.72Google Scholar
Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Park, D. C. (2014). How does it STAC up? Revisiting the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition. Neuropsychology Review, 24(3), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9270-9Google Scholar
Roquet, A., Hinault, T., Badier, J-M., & Lemaire, P. (2018). Aging and sequential strategy interference: A magnetoencephalography study in arithmetic problem solving. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 10, 232. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00232Google Scholar
Rozencwajg, P., Cherfi, M., Ferrandez, A. M., et al. (2005). Age related differences in the strategies used by middle aged adults to solve a block design task. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 60(2), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.2190/H0AR-68HR-RRPE-LRBHGoogle Scholar
Rypma, B., Berger, J. S., Genova, H. M., Rebbechi, D., & D’Esposito, M. (2005). Dissociating age-related changes in cognitive strategy and neural efficiency using event- related fMRI. Cortex, 41(4), 582–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70198-9Google Scholar
Schillemans, V., Luwel, K., Bulté, I., Onghena, P., & Verschaffel, L. (2010). The influence of previous strategy use on individuals’ subsequent strategy choice: Findings from a numerosity judgement task. Psychologica Belgica, 49(4), 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb-49-4-191Google Scholar
Schillemans, V., Luwel, K., Ceulemans, E., Onghena, P., & Verschaffel, L. (2012). The effect of single versus repeated previous strategy use on individuals’ subsequent strategy choice. Psychologica Belgica, 52(4), 307. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-52-4-307Google Scholar
Schillemans, V., Luwel, K., Onghena, P., & Verschaffel, L. (2011). Strategy switch cost in mathematical thinking: Empirical evidence for its existence and importance. Mediterranean Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 10(1–2), 1–22.Google Scholar
Siegler, R. S., & Lemaire, P. (1997). Older and younger adults’ strategy choices in multiplication: Testing predictions of ASCM using the choice/no-choice method. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.126.1.71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651Google Scholar
Strough, J., Mehta, C. M., McFall, J. P., & Schuller, K. L. (2008). Are older adults less subject to the sunk-cost fallacy than younger adults? Psychological Science, 19(7), 650–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02138.xGoogle Scholar
Taillan, J., Ardiale, E., Anton, J.-L., et al. (2015). Processes in arithmetic strategy selection: A fMRI study. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, p. 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00061Google Scholar
Tiberghien, K., Notebaert, W., Smedt, B. D., & Fias, W. (2018). Reactive and proactive control in arithmetical strategy selection. Journal of Numerical Cognition, 3(3), 598–619. https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v3i3.124Google Scholar
Tournier, I., & Postal, V. (2011). Strategy selection and aging: Impact of item concreteness in paired-associate task. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 18(2), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2010.525623CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Touron, D. R., & Hertzog, C. (2004). Distinguishing age differences in knowledge, strategy use, and confidence during strategic skill acquisition. Psychology and Aging, 19(3), 452–466. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.3.452Google Scholar
Touron, D. R., & Hertzog, C. (2009). Age differences in strategic behavior during a computation-based skill acquisition task. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 574–585. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015966Google Scholar
Uittenhove, K., Burger, L., Taconnat, L., & Lemaire, P. (2015). Sequential difficulty effects during execution of memory strategies in young and older adults. Memory, 23(6), 806–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.928730Google Scholar
Uittenhove, K., & Lemaire, P. (2012). Sequential difficulty effects during strategy execution. Experimental Psychology, 59(5), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000157Google Scholar
Uittenhove, K., & Lemaire, P. (2013). Strategy sequential difficulty effects vary with working-memory and response–stimulus-intervals: A study in arithmetic. Acta Psychologica, 143(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.02.007Google Scholar
Uittenhove, K., Poletti, C., Dufau, S., & Lemaire, P. (2013). The time course of strategy sequential difficulty effects: An ERP study in arithmetic. Experimental Brain Research, 227(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3397-9Google Scholar
Vandierendonck, A., Liefooghe, B., & Verbruggen, F. (2010). Task switching: Interplay of reconfiguration and interference control. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 601–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019791CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Von Helversen, B., & Mata, R. (2012). Losing a dime with a satisfied mind: Positive affect predicts less search in sequential decision making. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 825–839. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027845Google Scholar
Zanto, T. P., & Gazzaley, A. (2017). Selective attention and inhibitory control in the aging brain. In Cabeza, R., Nyberb, L., & Park, D. C. (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging (pp. 207–234). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×