Ephrem the Syrian is one of the two most important fourth-century Syriac writers.1 He was born ca. 307–309 in the Roman city of Nisibis (modern-day Nusaybin in Turkey) and was likely raised as a Christian, having close relationships with the city’s bishops from his youth. He was a member of the îḥîdāyê (“single ones”), a group within the larger Christian community whose members devoted themselves to asceticism and celibacy without forming a distinct monastic community. This was a pattern of Christian living that was peculiar to Syriac-speaking regions. Ephrem also served his community as a teacher and perhaps also as a deacon. Above all, Ephrem was a writer: he wrote in multiple genres, including biblical commentaries and metrical homilies (memre), but he is especially known for his hymns (madrāse), about 400 of which are extant. In 363 Ephrem relocated to Edessa (modern-day Urfa in Turkey) when Nisibis, on the border between the Roman and Persian Empires, was ceded by the Romans to the Persians, prompting Christians to emigrate.