W. B. Yeats summoned the term “romantic” in his poetry for two of his most famous proclamations. Both were characteristically memorial, one invoking his political mentor John O'Leary against the background of the Dublin strike and lockout of 1913, and the other honoring his literary patron and collaborator Lady Gregory shortly after her estate at Coole Park had been sold to the government in 1927. The first came in the refrain of the poem that we now know as “September 1913”: “Romantic Ireland's dead and gone, / It's with O'Leary in the grave” (VP 289).

The second inaugurated the last stanza of “Coole Park and Ballylee, 1931”:

The question arises, what do these two uses of the term – one political and one literary – have to do with each other? A lifelong if sometimes ambivalent Romantic, Yeats saw literature and politics as intertwined, even when he opposed the reduction of literature to mere opinion.