This chapter discusses serialism’s varied formal and sociopolitical meanings and implications – its aesthetics and, to a lesser degree, its mechanics – in the USSR, by examining the central figures in Soviet serialism, among them Andrey Volkonsky, Arvo Pärt, Alfred Schnittke, Edison Denisov, and Valentin Sylvestrov. It also points to representative compositions, performances, publications, and recordings. This chapter is particularly concerned with the aural culture of serialism in the post-war USSR as well as with thinking about serialism as both performative presence and material artifact. Other topics covered include the place of Soviet serialism in the cultural Cold War as well as the censorship and control of serialism in the USSR.