The publication of Salman Rushdie's fourth novel The Satanic Verses in September 1988 released an unforeseen process of reaction and protest against and for the novel and its author. The protests against the book concentrated on the issue of alleged blasphemy against Islam while those defending it argued for freedom of expression. The protest culminated in the fatwa, or a legal statement, by Ayatollah Khomeini on Rushdie, condemning him to death for intentionally opposing Islam:

Consequently, Rushdie was forced to live in hiding for fear of assassination. In the process, the novel itself attained the status of being talked about while it remained notoriously unread. The novel will be discussed here as a text: first its structure, characterisation and stylistic features, then the wide range of themes it discusses and its intertextual reaches. The discussion will close by considering the ethical issues Rushdie's novel raises.

Despite its often misrepresented reputation, The Satanic Verses is a complex, ambitious and rewarding novel which explores questions of identity and belonging. The novel's two main characters, Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha, are travelling in a jumbo jet which is blown up by terrorists over the English Channel. When they begin their fall - literally and metaphorically - they go through a process of transformation in which they become adversaries.