Considered by many (e.g. Ellenberger, 1970; Bair, 2003; Papadopoulos, 2006) the most original, broadly educated, and philosophical of the depth psychologists, Jung inhabited a specific era whose scientific thought and popular culture formed the bedrock out of which analytical psychology developed. Analytical psychology has undergone a veritable renaissance of scholarship within the past ten years which cements Jung's key position as a major figure in psychology and the history of ideas. Henri Ellenberger's (1970) study of Jung remains pivotal as the most comprehensive about Jung's life and theory but also about the rise of psychology and psychotherapy in general. Among the growing number of recent scholars, J. J. Clarke (1992) and B. Ulanov (1992) track the pivotal place Jung's ideas occupied in the philosophical discourse of his time; W. L. Kelly (1991) considers Jung one of the four major contributors to contemporary knowledge of the unconscious; Moacanin (1986), Aziz (1990), Spiegelman (1985, 1987, 1991), and Clarke (1994) explore his relation to Eastern psychology and religious thought, while Hoeller (1989), May (1991), Segal (1992), and Charet (1993) trace his gnostic, alchemical, and European mystical roots. Sonu Shamdasani (2003) makes excellent use of much archival material that adds key scientific, sociocultural, and philosophical material to Ellenberger's classic work, while Deirdre Bair (2003) does the same for Jung's life story. This chapter owes much to their scholarship.