Figures
3.1Fazenda Guaribú, Vassouras. Picture from the 1970s, INEPAC archive.
3.2Distribution of owners of 100+ slaves in Vassouras, according to their number of slaves, 1820–1888.
4.1Carte cabinet, Antonio da Silva Lopes Cardozo, National Archives, Bahia, 1868; carte de visite, Carneiro e Gaspar, private collection, Roberto Meneses de Moraes, Rio de Janeiro, 1866–1975.
13.1Modesto Brocos y Gómez, Redenção de Cã, 1895. Oil on canvas, 199 × 166 cm, Museu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro.
13.2Modesto Brocos y Gómez, Las cuatro edades (also known as Las Estaciones), 1888. Etching after oil on canvas, Almanaque Gallego (Buenos Aires) I (1898): 5.
13.3Modesto Brocos y Gómez, Engenho de Mandioca, 1892. Oil on canvas, 58.6 × 75.8 cm, Museu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro.
13.4Modesto Brocos y Gómez, Crioula de Diamantina (also known as Mulatinha), 1894. Oil on wood, 37 × 27.5 cm.
13.5Modesto Brocos y Gómez, Mandinga (also known as Feiticeira), 1895. Oil on canvas, 45 × 34 cm.
13.6Visitor Center and Museu von Martius (formerly the Fazenda Barreira do Soberbo), Parque Nacional Serra dos Órgãos/Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Elizabeth Bravo. Undated.
13.7Tomaz Silva/Agência Brasil, “Das Galés às Galerias,” 2018.
15.1Sheet music. E. T. Paull, “A Warmin’ Up in Dixie,” 1899. Historic American Sheet Music, Duke University. https://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm_b0158/.
15.2Sheet music. Alberto Nepomuceno. Suite Brezilienne. Catálogo de Partituras. DIMAS, Biblioteca Nacional, M786.1 N-IV-59.
15.3Bert Williams. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC, 20540 USA. January 17, 1922. Photo by Samuel Lumiere. cph 3b12509 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b12509.
15.4Eduardo das Neves. O Malho, Rio de Janeiro, January 6, 1917.
15.5Williams and Walker. “My Little Zulu Babe.” https://digitalcollections-baylor.quartexcollections.com/Documents/Detail/my-little-zulu-babe/12247.
15.6Benjamim de Oliveira. Sheet music. In Herminia Silva, Circo-Teatro: Benjamim de Oliveira e a teatralidade circense no Brasil. Ed. Altana, São Paulo, 2007, p. 241 (foto da autora).