Over the past two decades, globalization, technology disruption, the 2008 financial crisis, activist shareholders and more recently, climate change, Covid-19 and new geopolitical risks have unleashed several earthquakes with deep and lasting effects on the business world and society. For most of the twentieth century, companies were institutions that helped create wealth, innovation and jobs, and raised the standards of living for many people. In a stable international context, firms played a key role in spreading economic growth and prosperity around the world. Unfortunately, the rising uncertainty unleashed by those trends has made the role of boards of directors in governing companies extremely complex.