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2 - Central Clock Dynamics

Daily Timekeeping, Photic Processing, and Photoperiodic Encoding by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2023

By
Deborah A. M. Joye ,
Robert Wheeler  and
Jennifer A. Evans
Edited by
Laura K. Fonken  and
Randy J. Nelson
Laura K. Fonken
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Austin
Randy J. Nelson
Affiliation:
West Virginia University
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Summary

Daily and seasonal rhythms are programmed by neural circuits that anticipate predictable changes in the environment (i.e., temperature, food, predation). The time and duration of daily light exposure is a strategic cue used to predict changes in the environment that determine fitness and survival. Light is transduced by a specialized visual system that serves as an irradiance detector. These inputs are processed and encoded by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which serves as the body’s daily clock and annual calendar. The SCN encodes time-of-day and photoperiod to regulate downstream systems via multiple routes (e.g., melatonin, cortisol, feeding, body temperature). A deeper understanding of SCN timekeeping circuits, photoperiodic encoding mechanisms, and light-driven cellular adaptations is imperative for understanding plasticity and pathology in multiple biological systems.

Keywords

circadian rhythmsseasonalitybiological clocksSCN
Type
Chapter
Information
Biological Implications of Circadian Disruption
A Modern Health Challenge
 , pp. 23 - 57
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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