Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T17:10:44.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Biomass Pyrolysis for Biochar Production: Kinetics, Energetics and Economics

from Part III - Biochar Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2016

By
Byungho Song
Edited by
Viktor J. Bruckman ,
Esin Apaydın Varol ,
Bașak B. Uzun  and
Jay Liu
Viktor J. Bruckman
Affiliation:
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Esin Apaydın Varol
Affiliation:
Anadolu University, Turkey
Bașak B. Uzun
Affiliation:
Anadolu University, Turkey
Jay Liu
Affiliation:
Pukyong National University, South Korea
Get access

Summary

Abstract

This chapter briefly introduces the pyrolysis process in terms of kinetics, energetics and economics. In this scope, firstly simple kinetic models are described for biomass pyrolysis and then the product distribution is discussed. The yields of gas, oil and char are predicted by using chemical kinetics, however it is very difficult to predict the yields of each gas species. Therefore, in this chapter, empirical correlations are used together with the elemental balances to predict the yields of gas species for reactor simulation. Also, a detailed application of the empirical relationships from Neves et al. (2011), elemental balances, and energy balance on the prediction of pyrolysis products are given for the simulation of the devolatilization stage in a biomass gasification process. The production of biochar through the pyrolysis process is simply described. Finally the results from several studies on energy balances and the economic feasibility of the addition of biochar application to the normal bio-energy system are summarized.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biochar
A Regional Supply Chain Approach in View of Climate Change Mitigation
 , pp. 227 - 238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, M. D. (1991). The mechanisms of adsorption of Hg(CN)2 and HgCl2 on to activated carbon. Hydrometallurgy, 26, pp. 201–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antal, M. J. and Gronli, M. (2003). The art, science and technology of charcoal production. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 42, pp. 1619–1640.Google Scholar
Boroson, M. L., Howard, J. B., Longwell, J. P. and Peters, W. A. (1989). Product yields and kinetics from the vapor phase cracking of wood pyrolysis tars. AIChE Journal, 35, pp. 120–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgwater, A. V. (2003). Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass. Chemical Engineering Journal, 91, pp. 87–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, A. K. and Braun, L. R. (1999). Global kinetic analysis of complex materials. Energy Fuels, 13, pp. 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conesa, J. A., Marcilla, A., Caballero, J. A. and Font, R. (2001). Comments on the validity and utility of the different methods for kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 58–59, pp. 617–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirbas, A. (2004). Effect of temperature and particle size on biochar yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 721, pp. 243–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Diego, L. F., García-Labiano, F., Abad, A., Gayán, P. and Adánez, J. (2002). Modeling of the devolatilization of nonspherical wet pine wood particles in fluidized beds. Industrial & Engineering Chemical Research, 41, pp. 3642–3650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Jong, W., Di Nola, G., Venneker, B. C. H., Spliethoff, H. and Wojtowicz, M. A. (2007). TG-FTIR pyrolysis of coal and secondary biomass fuels: determination of pyrolysis kinetic parameters for main species and NOx precursors. Fuel, 86, pp. 2367–2376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Blasi, C. (2008). Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, pp. 47–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Blasi, C. and Branca, C. (2001). Kinetics of primary product formation from wood pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemical Research, 40, pp. 5547–5556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duku, M. H., Gu, S. and Hagan, E. B. (2011). Biochar production potantial in Ghana – a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 3539–3551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fagbemi, L., Khezami, L. and Capart, R. (2001). Pyrolysis products from different biomasses: application to the thermal cracking of tar. Applied Energy, 69, pp. 293–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaunt, J. L. and Lehmann, J. (2008). Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, pp. 4152–4158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomez-Barea, A. and Leckner, B. (2010). Modeling of biomass gasification in fluidized bed. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 36, pp. 444–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goyal, A. and Rehmat, A. (1993). Modelling of a fluidized-bed coal carbonizer. Industrial & Engineering Chemical Research, 32, pp. 1396–1410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kung, C. C., Kong, F. and Choi, Y. (2015). Pyrolysis and biochar potential using crop residues and agricultural wastes in China. Ecological Indicators, 51, pp. 139–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (eds.) (2009). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Loison, R. and Chauvin, R. (1964). Pyrolyse Rapide du Charbon. Chimie et Industrie, 91, pp. 269–275.Google Scholar
Meier, D. and Faix, O. (1999). State of the applied fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Bioresource Technology, 68, pp. 71–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neves, D., Thunman, H., Matos, A., Tarelho, L. and Gomez-Barea, A. (2011). Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 37, pp. 611–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T. D. B., Ngo, S. I., Lim, Y. I., Lee, J. W., Lee, U. D. and Song, B. H. (2012). Three-stage steady-state model for biomass gasification in a dual circulating fluidized-bed. Energy Conversion and Management, 54, pp. 100–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niksa, S. (2000). Predicting the rapid devolatilization of diverse forms of biomass with bio-flashchain. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 8, pp. 2727–2733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunn, T. R., Howard, J. B., Longwell, J. P. and Peters, W. A. (1985). Product compositions and kinetics in the rapid pyrolysis of sweet gum hardwood. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 24, pp. 836–844.Google Scholar
Pitt, G. J. (1962). The kinetics of the evolution of volatile products from coal. Fuel, 41, pp. 267–274.Google Scholar
Prasad, B. V. R. K. and Kuester, J. L. (1988). Process analysis of a dual fluidized bed biomass gasification system. Industrial & Engineering Chemical Research, 27, pp. 304–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranzi, E., Cuoci, A., Faravelli, T., Frassoldati, A., Migliavacca, G. and Pierucci, S. (2008). Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. Energy Fuels, 22, pp. 4292–4300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringer, M., Putsche, V. and Scahill, J. (2006). Large-scale pyrolysis oil production: a technology assessment and economic analysis. Technical Report NERL/TP-51037779, doi: 10.2172/894989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. G., Gloy, B. A., Joseph, S., Scott, N. R. and Lehmann, J. (2010). Life cycle assessment of biochar systems: estimating the energetic, economic, and climate change potential. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, pp. 827–833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadaka, S. S., Ghaly, A. E. and Sabbah, M. A. (2002). Two phase biomass air-steam gasification model for fluidized bed reactors: part I – model development. Biomass Bioenergy, 22, pp. 439–462.Google Scholar
Shafizadeh, F. and Chin, P. P. S. (1977). Thermal deterioration of wood. ACS Symposium Series, 43, pp. 57–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohi, S. P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E. and Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, pp. 47–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, B. H. and Watkinson, A. P. (2000). Three-stage well-mixed reactor model for a pressurized coal gasifier. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 78, pp. 143–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, B. H. and Watkinson, A. P. (2004). Effect of temperature on the gas yield from flash pyrolysis of bituminous coals. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 10, pp. 460–467.Google Scholar
Steiner, T., Mosenthin, R., Zimmermann, B., Greiner, R. and Roth, S. (2007). Distribution of phytase activity, total phosphorus and phytate phosphorus in legume seeds, cereals and cereal products as influenced by harvest year and cultivar. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 133, pp. 320–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurner, F. and Mann, U. (1981). Kinetic investigation of wood pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 20, pp. 482–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varhegyi, G., Antal, M. J., Jakab, E. and Szabo, P. (1996). Kinetic modeling of biomass pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 42, pp. 73–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J. E., Catallo, W. J., Legendre, B. L. (2011). Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: a comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 91, pp. 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2010). Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications, 1, pp. 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, M. M., Brown, R. C. and Boateng, A. A. (2008). Distributed processing of biomass to bio-oil for subsequent production of Fischer-Tropsch liquids. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2, pp. 229–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaman, S. (2004). Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks. Energy Conversion and Management, 45, pp. 651–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q., Yang, Z. and Wu, W. (2008). Role of crop residue management in sustainable agricultural development in the North China Plain. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 32, pp. 137–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×