Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 The ‘Hebrew slave’: comments on the slave law, Exodus 21:2-11
- 2 The manumission of slaves – the fallow year – the Sabbatical Year – the Jubilee Year
- 3 Andurārum and Mišarum: comments on the problem of social edicts and their application in the ancient Near East
- 4 The Greek ‘amphictyony’: could it be a prototype for Israelite society in the Period of the Judges?
- 5 The chronology in the story of the Flood
- 6 ‘Hebrew’ as a national name for Israel
- 7 Rachel and Leah: on the survival of outdated paradigms in the study of the origin of Israel
- 8 The Old Testament: a Hellenistic book?
- 9 Power and social organization: some misunderstandings and some proposals, or is it all a question of patrons and clients?
- 10 Is it still possible to write a history of ancient Israel?
- 11 Is it still possible to speak about an ‘Israelite religion’? From the perspective of a historian
- 12 Kings and clients: on loyalty between the ruler and the ruled in ancient ‘Israel’
- 13 Justice in western Asia in antiquity, or why no laws were needed!
- 14 From patronage society to patronage society
- 15 Are we Europeans really good readers of biblical texts and interpreters of biblical history?
- 16 History writing in the ancient Near East and Greece
- 17 Good and bad in history: the Greek connection
- 18 On the problems of reconstructing pre-Hellenistic Israelite (Palestinian) history
- 19 How does one date an expression of mental history? The Old Testament and Hellenism
- 20 Chronology and archives: when does the history of Israel and Judah begin?
- 21 ‘Because they have cast away the law of the Lord of Hosts’, or ‘We and the rest of the world’: the authors who ‘wrote’ the Old Testament
- Index of biblical references
- Index of authors
2 - The manumission of slaves – the fallow year – the Sabbatical Year – the Jubilee Year
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 The ‘Hebrew slave’: comments on the slave law, Exodus 21:2-11
- 2 The manumission of slaves – the fallow year – the Sabbatical Year – the Jubilee Year
- 3 Andurārum and Mišarum: comments on the problem of social edicts and their application in the ancient Near East
- 4 The Greek ‘amphictyony’: could it be a prototype for Israelite society in the Period of the Judges?
- 5 The chronology in the story of the Flood
- 6 ‘Hebrew’ as a national name for Israel
- 7 Rachel and Leah: on the survival of outdated paradigms in the study of the origin of Israel
- 8 The Old Testament: a Hellenistic book?
- 9 Power and social organization: some misunderstandings and some proposals, or is it all a question of patrons and clients?
- 10 Is it still possible to write a history of ancient Israel?
- 11 Is it still possible to speak about an ‘Israelite religion’? From the perspective of a historian
- 12 Kings and clients: on loyalty between the ruler and the ruled in ancient ‘Israel’
- 13 Justice in western Asia in antiquity, or why no laws were needed!
- 14 From patronage society to patronage society
- 15 Are we Europeans really good readers of biblical texts and interpreters of biblical history?
- 16 History writing in the ancient Near East and Greece
- 17 Good and bad in history: the Greek connection
- 18 On the problems of reconstructing pre-Hellenistic Israelite (Palestinian) history
- 19 How does one date an expression of mental history? The Old Testament and Hellenism
- 20 Chronology and archives: when does the history of Israel and Judah begin?
- 21 ‘Because they have cast away the law of the Lord of Hosts’, or ‘We and the rest of the world’: the authors who ‘wrote’ the Old Testament
- Index of biblical references
- Index of authors
Summary
1976
Introduction
On several occasions during the last few years the royal edicts known from the Old Babylonian period have been associated, because of their social tendencies, with the Israelite laws of manumission, land regulation and transactions etc. The Israelite laws are, for the most part, to be found in the legislation related to the Sabbatical Year in Deuteronomy 15:1–18, and to the Jubilee Year in Leviticus 25. According to the Old Testament, these particular years occurred every seventh or every fiftieth year. In the absence of any proof, however, that the Babylonian edicts should have been issued at regular intervals, F. R. Kraus and J. J. Finkelstein are rather unwilling to accept that the Babylonian institution is parallel to the Israelite one. J. Lewy, on the other hand, goes further and attempts to prove from the cuneiform literature that the Mesopotamian decree on the remission of debt, manumission, etc. and the Israelite Jubilee Year legislation had mutual origins in the Amorite population which was spread over a large part of Mesopotamia, as well as Palestine and Syria. In pre-monarchical Israel the institution was supposed to recur at regular intervals due to the lack of governmental authorities, whereas in Mesopotamia the various kings were free to regulate the dates freely.
M. Weinfeld has recently gone further in his comparisons and tries to show that the Israelite Sabbath and Jubilee Year institutions survived all through the period of the Israelite monarchy in the form of royal reform laws, issued at regular intervals.
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- Biblical Studies and the Failure of HistoryChanging Perspectives, pp. 26 - 44Publisher: Acumen PublishingPrint publication year: 2013