This essay focuses on Brecht’s commitment to women’s emancipation on the basis of his interest in the writings and activism of Marx, Engels, Bebel, Lenin, Clara Zetkin, and Rosa Luxemburg; his collaborative work over the years with numerous women writers and theater practitioners; and his ability as a playwright to create some of the most intriguing female characters in the history of theater. The essay goes on to examine Brecht’s reception by feminist theater critics and practitioners, to provide a summary of productions of his plays with leading women actors in the US and the UK, and to discuss two productions set in Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda) based on Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children.