Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T19:12:39.994Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 9 - Benefactors and the Poleis in the Roman Empire

Civic Munificence in the Roman East in the Context of the Longue Durée

from Part IV - Benefactors and the Polis under Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

Marc Domingo Gygax
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
Arjan Zuiderhoek
Affiliation:
Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Get access

Summary

In this chapter the author identifies the chief continuities and changes in civic munificence in the poleis under Roman imperial rule in comparison with the previous periods of Greek history. To do so, the author develops a model to answer the question of why elite public giving was a such an enduring element of polis society in the first place. He identifies three structural features of polis society that can explain the centrality of elite public giving: the specific way wealth, fame, power and authority needed to be legitimated in the polis; the particularity of the Greeks’ idea of politics; and the stateless character of the polis. To test this model, the author then applies it to explain two specific characteristics of civic euergetism in the Greek cities under the Roman empire, namely, its unprecedented proliferation during the first, second and early third centuries CE, and the extent to which munificence started to transcend the benefactor’s own civic community, that is, the increasing tendency of benefactors to include non-citizen groups in the poleis in their munificence as well as to give to cities other than their own.

Type
Chapter
Information
Benefactors and the Polis
The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity
, pp. 222 - 242
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adkins, A. W. H. (1972) Moral Values and Political Behaviour in Ancient Greece: From Homer to the End of the Fifth Century. London.Google Scholar
Beck, M. (2015) Der politische Euergetismus und dessen vor allem nichtbürgerliche Rezipienten im hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasien sowie dem ägäischen Raum. Rahden.Google Scholar
Beetham, D. (1991) The Legitimation of Power. Atlantic Highlands.Google Scholar
Berent, M. (2000) ‘Anthropology and the classics: war, violence and the stateless polis’, Classical Quarterly 50: 257–89.Google Scholar
Berent, M. (2004) ‘In search of the Greek state: a rejoinder to M. H. Hansen’, Polis 21.1–2: 107–46.Google Scholar
Boulanger, A. (1923) Aelius Aristide et la sophistique dans la province d’Asie au IIe siècle de notre ère. Paris.Google Scholar
Brélaz, C. (2013) ‘La vie démocratique dans les cités grecques à l’époque impériale romaine’, Topoi 18: 367–99.Google Scholar
Bremen, R. van (1996) The Limits of Participation: Women and Civic Life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Brown, P. (2002) Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire. Hanover.Google Scholar
Carlsson, S. (2010) Hellenistic Democracies: Freedom, Independence and Political Procedure in Some East Greek City-States. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Cartledge, P. (1999) ‘Laying down polis law’, The Classical Review 49: 465–9.Google Scholar
Cartledge, P. (2002) ‘The economy (economies) of ancient Greece’, in Scheidel, W. and von Reden, S. (eds.), The Ancient Economy. New York, 1132.Google Scholar
Cartledge, P. (2009) Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dmitriev, S. (2005) City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford.Google Scholar
Domingo Gygax, M. (2016) Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City: The Origins of Euergetism. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R. P. (1982) The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Edelmann-Singer, B. (2015) Koina und Concilia. Genese, Organisation und sozioökonomische Funktion der Provinziallandtage im römischen Reich. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Eilers, C. (2002) Roman Patrons of Greek Cities. Oxford.Google Scholar
Fernoux, H.-L. (2011) Le demos et la cité: communautés et assembleés populaires en Asie Mineure à l’époque impériale. Rennes.Google Scholar
Gagliardi, L. (2009/2010) ‘I paroikoi delle città dell’Asia Minore in età ellenistica e nella prima età romana’, Dike 12–13: 303–22.Google Scholar
Garnsey, P., and Saller, R. (2014) The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture, 2nd ed. London.Google Scholar
Gauthier, P. (1985) Les cités grecques et leurs bienfaiteurs (IVe–Ier siècle av. J.-C.): contribution à l’histoire des institutions. Athens.Google Scholar
Grieb, V. (2008) Hellenistische Demokratie. Politische Organisation und Struktur in freien griechischen Poleis nach Alexander dem Großen. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Heller, A. (2009) ‘La cité grecque d’époque impériale: vers une société d’ordres?’, Annales HSS 64: 341–73.Google Scholar
Heller, A., and Pont, A.-V. (eds.) (2012) Patrie d’origine et patries électives: les citoyennetés multiples dans le monde grec d’époque romaine: actes du colloque international de Tours, 6–7 novembre 2009. Bordeaux.Google Scholar
Heller, A., and van Nijf, O. M. (eds.) (2017) The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire. Leiden.Google Scholar
Jones, A. H. M. (1940) The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian. Oxford.Google Scholar
Kokkinia, C. (2000) Die Opramoas-Inschrift von Rhodiapolis. Euergetismus und soziale Elite in Lykien. Bonn.Google Scholar
Lattimore, R. (1951) The Iliad. Chicago.Google Scholar
Lewin, A. (1995) Assemblee popolari e lotta politica nelle città dell’imperio romano. Florence.Google Scholar
Lintott, A. (1982) Violence, Civil Strife, and Revolution in the Classical City, 750–330 B.C. London.Google Scholar
Ma, J. (2000) ‘Public speech and community in the Euboicus’, in Swain, S. (ed.), Dio Chrysostom: Politics, Letters, and Philosophy. Oxford, 108–24.Google Scholar
Mann, C., and Scholz, P. (eds.) (2012) ‘Demokratie’ im Hellenismus. Von der Herrschaft des Volkes zur Herrschaft der Honoratioren? Mainz.Google Scholar
Marrou, H.-I. (1948) Histoire de l’éducation dans l’Antiquité. Paris.Google Scholar
Merkelbach, R. (1983) ‘Ehrenbeschluss der Kymäer für den prytanis Kleanax’, Epigraphica Anatolica 1: 33–7.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (1993) Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, vol. 1: The Celts and the Impact of Roman Rule. Oxford.Google Scholar
Murray, O. (1990) ‘Cities of reason’, in Murray, O. and Price, S. (eds.), The Greek City from Homer to Alexander. Oxford, 125.Google Scholar
Nicols, J. (2014) Civic Patronage in the Roman Empire. Leiden.Google Scholar
Ober, J. (1989) Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power of the People. Princeton.Google Scholar
Oppeneer, T. (2018) ‘Assembly politics and the rhetoric of honour in Chariton, Dio of Prusa and John Chrysostom’, Historia 67: 222–43.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (1985) Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (1997) ‘Law and laws: how do we join up the dots?’, in Mitchell, L. G. and Rhodes, P. J. (eds.), The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece. London, 7482.Google Scholar
Quass, F. (1993) Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des griechischen Ostens. Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Raaflaub, K. A. (1988) ‘Homer and the beginning of Greek political thought’, Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium Series in Ancient Philosophy 4: 125.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. (2007) ‘Supra-civic landowning and supra-civic euergetic activities of urban elites in the imperial Peloponnese’, in Being Peloponnesian: Conference Proceedings 31 March–1 April 2007, at www.nottingham.ac.uk/csps/open-source/peloponnese-2007.aspx.Google Scholar
Rogers, G. M. (1992) ‘The assembly of imperial Ephesos’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 94: 224–8.Google Scholar
Salmeri, G. (2000) ‘Dio, Rome, and the civic life of Asia Minor’, in Swain, S. (ed.), Dio Chrysostom: Politics, Letters and Philosophy. Oxford, 5392.Google Scholar
Sartre, M. (1991) L’Orient romain: provinces et sociétés provinciales en Méditerranée orientale d’Auguste aux Sévères (31 avant J.-C.–235 après J.-C.). Paris.Google Scholar
Schuler, Ch. (1998) Ländliche Siedlungen und Gemeinden im hellenistischen und römischen Kleinasien. Munich.Google Scholar
Sheppard, A. R. R. (1984–6) ‘Homonoia in the Greek cities of the Roman Empire’, Ancient Society 15–17: 229–52.Google Scholar
Strubbe, J. H. M. (2001) ‘Bürger, Nicht-Bürger und Polis-Ideologie’, in Demoen, K. (ed.), The Greek City from Antiquity to the Present: Historical Reality, Ideological Construction, Literary Representation. Leuven, 2739.Google Scholar
van Nijf, O. M., and Williamson, C. G. (2015) ‘Re-inventing traditions: connecting contests in the Hellenistic and Roman world’, in Boschung, D., Busch, A. W. and Versluys, M. J. (eds.), Reinventing ‘The Invention of Tradition’? Indigenous Pasts and the Roman Present. Paderborn, 95111.Google Scholar
Veyne, P. (1976) Le pain et le cirque: sociologie historique d’un pluralisme politique. Paris.Google Scholar
Wiemer, H.-U. (2013) ‘Hellenistic cities: the end of Greek democracy?’, in Beck, H. (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Greek Government. Malden, MA, 5469.Google Scholar
Wijma, S. (2014) Embracing the Immigrant: The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (5th–4th Century BC). Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2008) ‘On the political sociology of the imperial Greek city’, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 48: 417–45.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2009a). The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire: Citizens, Elites and Benefactors in Asia Minor. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2009b) ‘Government centralization in late second and third century A.D. Asia Minor: a working hypothesis’, Classical World 103.1: 3951.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2011) ‘Oligarchs and benefactors: elite demography and euergetism in the Greek East of the Roman Empire’, in van Nijf, O. M. and Alston, R. (eds.), Political Culture in the Greek City after the Classical Age. Groningen-Royal Holloway Studies on the Greek City after the Classical Age 2. Leuven, 185–95.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2017a) The Ancient City. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2017b) ‘What should Jesus do? How not to go round and do good in the Greco-Roman world’, in Kloppenborg, J. S. and Verheyden, J. (eds.), Luke on Jesus, Paul and Christianity: What Did He Really Know? Biblical Tools and Studies 29. Leuven, 243–56.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. (2017c) ‘Un-civic benefactions? Gifts to non-citizens and civic honours in the Greek cities of the Roman East’, in Heller, A. and van Nijf, O.M. (eds.) The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire. Leiden and Boston, 182–98.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×