This chapter discusses how time preferences influence the importance of and actions regarding old age health as well as factors behind taking up protective measures against the financial risks of care at old age. We discuss the complexity of planning for old age including the challenges related to our imperfect ability to predict the future or what our preferences for the future will be when making decisions today. We include the role of social norms and family experience in decision-making as well as the cognitive demands required of old age planning. We also incorporate the roles of biases such as optimism and present bias as well as risk denial and procrastination into decision-making about ageing. The chapter finishes with a consideration of nudges appropriate to this context.