Book contents
- Bears of the World
- Bears of the World
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Frontispiece
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I Systematics, Ecology, and Behavior
- Part II Species Accounts
- Part III Human–Bear Coexistence
- Part IV Conservation and ManagementConservation and Management
- Chapter 20 Conservation and Management of Bears
- Chapter 21 How Is Climate Change Affecting Polar Bears and Giant Pandas?
- Chapter 22 Managing for Interpopulation Connectivity of the World’s Bear Species
- Chapter 23 Ex Situ Conservation of Bears: Roles, Status, and Management
- Chapter 24 The Challenge of Brown Bear Management in Hokkaido, Japan
- Chapter 25 Potential Ecological Corridors for Remnant Asiatic Black Bear Populations and its Subpopulations Linked to Management Units in Japan
- Chapter 26 Captive Bears in Asia: Implications for Animal Welfare and Conservation
- Chapter 27 Human Dimensions of Asiatic Black Bear Conflicts and Management in Japan
- Chapter 28 Ecological and Social Dimensions of Sloth Bear Conservation in Sri Lanka
- Index
- Miscellaneous Endmatter
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
Chapter 28 - Ecological and Social Dimensions of Sloth Bear Conservation in Sri Lanka
from Part IV - Conservation and ManagementConservation and Management
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 November 2020
Book contents
- Bears of the World
- Bears of the World
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Frontispiece
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I Systematics, Ecology, and Behavior
- Part II Species Accounts
- Part III Human–Bear Coexistence
- Part IV Conservation and ManagementConservation and Management
- Chapter 20 Conservation and Management of Bears
- Chapter 21 How Is Climate Change Affecting Polar Bears and Giant Pandas?
- Chapter 22 Managing for Interpopulation Connectivity of the World’s Bear Species
- Chapter 23 Ex Situ Conservation of Bears: Roles, Status, and Management
- Chapter 24 The Challenge of Brown Bear Management in Hokkaido, Japan
- Chapter 25 Potential Ecological Corridors for Remnant Asiatic Black Bear Populations and its Subpopulations Linked to Management Units in Japan
- Chapter 26 Captive Bears in Asia: Implications for Animal Welfare and Conservation
- Chapter 27 Human Dimensions of Asiatic Black Bear Conflicts and Management in Japan
- Chapter 28 Ecological and Social Dimensions of Sloth Bear Conservation in Sri Lanka
- Index
- Miscellaneous Endmatter
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
Summary
Balancing the needs of humans and wildlife in Sri Lanka presents enormous socioeconomic and conservation challenges. Sloth bears are legally protected, but attacks on humans generate intense fear, which increases the potential for human-caused bear mortality and local extirpation of bears. In this chapter, what is known about the ecology and human dimensions of the sloth bear in a country with a teeming human population and a history of poverty and civil conflict is explored. We also address whether changes in land use in the aftermath of the civil war may have impacted sloth bear distribution and discuss the conservation outlook for bears.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Bears of the WorldEcology, Conservation and Management, pp. 379 - 386Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Akhtar, N., Bargali, H. S. & Chauhan, N. P. S. (2004). Sloth bear habitat use in disturbed and unprotected areas of Madhya Pradesh, India. Ursus 15: 203–211.Google Scholar
Bargali, H. S., Akhtar, N. & Chauhan, N. P. S. (2004). Feeding ecology of sloth bears in a disturbed area in central India. Ursus 15: 212–217.Google Scholar
Cooray, P. G. (1984). Geology, with special reference to the Precambrian. In: Fernando, C. H. (Ed.), Ecology and biogeography of Sri Lanka (pp. 1–34). The Hague, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Council on Foreign Relations. (2009). The Sri Lankan conflict. Available from www.cfr.org/backgrounder/sri-lankan-conflict (accessed March 6, 2019).Google Scholar
Department of Census and Statistics. (2018). Chapter 2: Population. Available from www.statistics.gov.lk/Pocket%20Book/chap02.pdf (accessed March 6, 2019).Google Scholar
Department of National Planning. (2019). Infrastructure. Chapter 5 in Public Investment Programme 2017–2020. Available from www.mnpea.gov.lk/web/images/PIP_English/EnglishPIP-83-114.pdf (accessed March 11, 2019).Google Scholar
Domrös, M. (1974). The agroclimate of Ceylon. Wiesbaden, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization Global Forest Resources Assessment. (2000). Forest resources of Sri Lanka: Country report. Available from www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/past-assessments/fra-2000/en/ (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Garshelis, D. L., Joshi, A. R., Smith, J. L. D. & Rice, C. D. (1999). Sloth bear conservation action plan (Melursus ursinus). In: Servheen, C., Herrero, S. & Peyton, B. (Eds.), Bears: Status survey and conservation action plan (pp. 225–240). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups, IUCN.Google Scholar
Gunawardene, N. R., Daniels, A. E. D., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., et al. (2007). A brief overview of the Western Ghats–Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Current Science 93: 1567–1572.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Moore, R., et al. (2013). High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342: 850–853. Available from http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest (accessed February 28, 2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnsingh, A. J. T. (2003). Bear conservation in India. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 100: 190–201.Google Scholar
Joshi, A. R., Garshelis, D. L. & Smith, J. L. D. (1995). Home ranges of sloth bears in Nepal: implications for conservation. Journal of Wildlife Management 59: 204–213.Google Scholar
Kulatilake, S. (2016). The peopling of Sri Lanka from prehistoric to historic times: biological and archaeological evidence. In: Schug, R. S. & Walimbe, S. R. (Eds.), A companion to South Asia in the past (pp. 426–436). Chichester: Wiley Online Library.Google Scholar
Legg, C. & Jewell, N. (1995). A 1:50,000 forest map of Sri Lanka: the basis for a National Forest Geographic Information System. The Sri Lanka Forester, 20(3–4): 35–44.Google Scholar
Newhouse, D. L., Suarez-Becerra, P. & Doan, D. T. T. (2016). Sri Lanka – Poverty and welfare: Recent progress and remaining challenges (English). Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Available from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/996911467995898452/Sri-Lanka-Poverty-and-welfare-recent-progress-and-remaining-challenges (accessed March 8, 2019).Google Scholar
Pabla, H. S., Mathur, V. B. & Wickramasinghe, W. R. M. S. (1998). Management plan Wasgomuwa National Park and Riverine Nature Reserve: Vol 1. Project UNO/SRL/001/GEF-SRL/92/G3, Department of Wildlife Conservation, Sri Lanka.Google Scholar
Phillips, W. W. A. (1984). The sloth bear. In: Manual of mammals of Sri Lanka (pp. 290–296). Colombo, Sri Lanka: Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka.Google Scholar
Pocock, R. I. (1941). The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma: Mammalia Vol II. Family Ursidae (pp. 163–232). London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.Google Scholar
Rajpurohit, K. S. & Krausman, P. R. (2000). Human–sloth bear conflicts in Madhya Pradesh, India. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28: 393–399.Google Scholar
Ratnayeke, S. & van Manen, F. T. (2012). Assessing sloth bears as surrogates for carnivore conservation in Sri Lanka. Ursus 23: 206–217.Google Scholar
Ratnayeke, S., Wijeyamohan, S. & Santiapillai, C. (2006). The status of the sloth bear in Sri Lanka. In: Oi, T., Mano, T., Yamazaki, K., et al. (Eds.), Understanding bears to secure their future (pp. 35–40). Gifu, Japan: Japan Bear Network.Google Scholar
Ratnayeke, S., van Manen, F. T. & Padmalal, U. (2007a). Home ranges and habitat use of sloth bears Melursus ursinus inornatus in Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka. Wildlife Biology 13: 272–284.Google Scholar
Ratnayeke, S., van Manen, F. T., Pieris, R. & Pragash, V. S. J. (2007b). Landscape characteristics of sloth bear range in Sri Lanka. Ursus 18(2): 189–202.Google Scholar
Ratnayeke, S., van Manen, F. T., Pieris, R. & Pragash, V. S. J. (2014). Challenges of large carnivore conservation: sloth bear attacks in Sri Lanka. Human Ecology 42: 467–479.Google Scholar
Santiapillai, A. & Santiapillai, C. (1990). Status, distribution and conservation of the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in Sri Lanka. Tiger Paper 1: 13–15.Google Scholar
Sreekumar, P. G. & Balakrishnan, M. (2002). Seed dispersal by the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in India. Biotropica 34: 474–477.Google Scholar
United Nations Environment Program. (2003). Land cover assessment and monitoring, Sri Lanka. Environmental Assessment Technical Reports, Volume 12-A. United Nations Environment Program Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.Google Scholar
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2019). Protected Planet: the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Cambridge, UK. Available from www.protectedplanet.net (accessed March 21, 2019).Google Scholar
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs-Asia and the Pacific. (2018). Sri Lanka – Population and Housing Census of 2012. Available from https://data.humdata.org/organization/ed366c60–6fc7–43b5-afca-288075bcc4d2 (accessed February 15, 2019).Google Scholar
United Nations Population Division. (2018). United Nations Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 revision. Available from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.rur.totl.zs (accessed March 6, 2019).Google Scholar
Vogt, P., Riitters, K. H., Estreguil, C., et al. (2007). Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing. Landscape Ecology 22: 171–177.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2002). Sri Lanka – Poverty assessment [English]. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/110101468777294058/Sri-Lanka-Poverty-assessment (accessed May 6, 2020).Google Scholar
World Bank. (2019). Forest area (% of land area). Available from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ag.lnd.frst.zs?end=2016&name_desc=false&start=2000 (accessed March 11, 2019).Google Scholar
Yoganand, K., Rice, C. G., Johnsingh, A. & Seidensticker, J. (2006). Is the sloth bear in India secure? A preliminary report on distribution, threats and conservation requirements. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 103: 172–181.Google Scholar