American Colonization Society. Incoming Correspondence, 1819–1917, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. Gale, Georgetown University.Google Scholar

American Missionary Association. Archives, 1839–1882, Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. Gale, Georgetown University.Google Scholar

Black Abolitionist Archive. University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, available at: https://libraries.udmercy.edu/find/special_collections/digital/baa.Google Scholar

Boston Public Library Anti-Slavery Collection, Boston, MA, available at: https://archive.org/details/bplscas.Google Scholar

Colored Conventions Project. University of Delaware, Wilmington, DE, available at: http://coloredconventions.org.Google Scholar

Frederick Douglass Project. University of Rochester, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Rochester, NY, available at: https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/2494.Google Scholar

James Birney Collection of Anti-Slavery Pamphlets, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, available at: https://archive.org/details/birney.Google Scholar

Letters of Hiram Wilson. Huron University College, Hiram Wilson Project, London, Ontario, Canada, available at: https://hiramwilson.wordpress.com.Google Scholar

North American Slave Narratives. Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, available at: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh.Google Scholar

Oberlin College Anti-Slavery Library. Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, available at: https://archive.org/details/antislavery.Google Scholar

Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection. Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Ithaca, NY, available at: http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/mayantislavery.Google Scholar

19th-Century U.S. Newspapers. Gale Digital Collections, available at: https://www.gale.com/c/19th-century-us-newspapers.Google Scholar

Accessible Archives, Inc. Malvern, PA, available at: http://www.accessible-archives.com.Google Scholar

America’s Historical Newspapers. Readex: A Division of Newsbank, available at: http://www.readex.com/content/americas-historical-newspapers.Google Scholar

American Periodicals Series Online. Proquest, available at http://www.proquest.com/products-services/aps.html.Google Scholar

Hathi Trust Digital Library, available at: https://www.hathitrust.org.Google Scholar

Minnesota Population Center. National Historical Geographic Information System, Version 11.0 (database), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2016, available at: http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V11.0.Google Scholar

ProQuest Civil War Era. ProQuest, available at: https://www.proquest.com/products-services/cwe.html.Google Scholar

Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. Gale, Georgetown University, available at: http://www.gale.com/primary-sources/slavery-and-anti-slavery.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1839, The. New York and Boston, MA: S. W. Benedict and Isaac Knapp for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Society. Fourth Annual Report of the American Anti-Slavery Society, with the Speeches Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting Held in the City of New York on the 9th May, 1837. New York: William S. Dorr, 1837.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Society. The Legion of Liberty! And Force of Truth, Containing the thoughts, word, and deed, of some prominent Apostles, Champions and Martyrs. 2nd ed. New York, 1843.Google Scholar

American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race. Minutes of the proceedings of the Fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the fifth day of August, 1817, and continued by adjournments until the eighth of the same month, inclusive. Philadelphia: Merritt, 1817.Google Scholar

American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race. Minutes of the proceedings of a special meeting of the fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the tenth day of December, 1818, and continued by adjournments until the fifteenth of the same month, inclusive. Philadelphia: Hall & Atkinson, 1818.Google Scholar

Anderson, Osborne P. A Voice from Harper’s Ferry: A Narrative of Events at Harper’s Ferry; with Incidents Prior and Subsequent to Its Capture by Captain Brown and His Men. Boston, MA, 1861.Google Scholar

Anderson, William. Life and Narrative of William J. Anderson, Twenty-Four Years a Slave; Sold Eight Times! In Jail Sixty Times!! Whipped Three Hundred Times!!! Or The Dark Deeds of American Slavery Revealed. Containing Scriptural Views of the Origin of the Black and of the White Man. Also, a Simple and Easy Plan to Abolish Slavery in the United States. Together with an Account of the Services of Colored Men in the Revolutionary War – Day and Date, and Interesting Facts. Chicago, IL: Daily Tribune, 1857.Google Scholar

Bibb, Henry. Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: The Author, 1849.Google Scholar

Birney, William. James G. Birney and His Times: The Genesis of the Republican Party with Some Account of Abolition Movements in the South before 1828. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1890.Google Scholar

Bleby, Henry. “Speech of Rev. Henry Bleby, Missionary from Barbadoes, on the Results of Emancipation in the British W. I. Colonies, Delivered at the Celebration of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Held at Island Grove, Abington, July 31st, 1858.” R. F. Wallcut, 1858.Google Scholar

Brown, Isaac V. Memoirs of the Rev. Robert Finley, D.D. New Brunswick, NJ: Terhune & Letson, 1819.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself. Boston, MA: The Anti-Slavery Office, 1847.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. The Anti-Slavery Harp: A Collection of Songs for Anti-Slavery Meetings. Boston, MA: Bela Marsh, 1848.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself. 4th ed. London: Charles Gilpin, 1849.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. The Escape, Or, A Leap for Freedom: A Drama in Five Acts (1858). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Channing, William Ellery. The Duty of the Free States, or, Remarks Suggested by the Case of the Creole, First Part. Boston, MA: William Crosby, 1842.Google Scholar

Child, Lydia Maria. The Right Way the Safe Way, as Proved by Emancipation in the British West Indies. New York, 1862.Google Scholar

Clarke, Lewis. Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke, During a Captivity of More than Twenty-Five Years, among the Algerines of Kentucky, One of the So Called Christian States of North America. Dictated by Himself. Boston, MA: David H. Ela, Printer, 1845.Google Scholar

Craft, William. Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom: The Escape of William and Ellen Craft. Edited by Blackett, R. J. M.. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Crallé, Richard K., ed. Reports and Public Letters of John C. Calhoun. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1883.Google Scholar

Delany, Martin R. The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States. Politically Considered. Philadelphia, PA: Martin Robison Delany, 1852.Google Scholar

Dewey, Loring D. Correspondence Relative to the Emigration to Hayti, of the Free People of Colour, in the United States. Together with the Instructions to the Agent Sent Out by President Boyer. New York: Mahlon Day, 1824.Google Scholar

Drew, Benjamin. A North-Side View of Slavery. The Refugee: Or The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1856.Google Scholar

Earle, Thomas. The Life, Travels and Opinions of Benjamin Lundy: Including His Journeys to Texas and Mexico; with a Sketch of Contemporary Events, and a Notice of the Revolution in Hayti. Philadelphia, PA: William D. Parrisi, 1847.Google Scholar

Exposition of the Object and Plans of the American Union for the Relief and Improvement of the Colored Race. Boston, MA, 1835.Google Scholar

Forten, James and Perrott, Russell. “Address to the humane and benevolent Inhabitants of the city and county of Philadelphia” (1817). In Minutes of the proceedings of a special meeting of the fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the tenth day of December, 1818, and continued by adjournments until the fifteenth of the same month, inclusive, i–iv. Philadelphia, PA: Hall & Atkinson, 1818.Google Scholar

Giddings, Joshua R. The Rights of the Free States Subverted, or, An Enumeration of Some of the Most Prominent Instances in Which the Federal Constitution Has Been Violated by Our National Government, for the Benefit of Slavery. [Washington, DC?], 1844.Google Scholar

Green, William. Narrative of Events in the Life of William Green, (Formerly a Slave.) Written by Himself. Springfield, MA: L. M. Guernsey, 1853.Google Scholar

Gurney, Joseph John. Familiar Letters to Henry Clay of Kentucky, Describing a Winter in the West Indies. New York: Mahlon Day & Co., 1840.Google Scholar

Henson, Josiah. The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, As Narrated by Himself. Edited by Eliot, Samuel A.. Boston, MA: A. D. Phelps, 1849.Google Scholar

Henson, Josiah. Truth Is Stranger than Fiction. Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life. Edited by Eliot, Samuel A.. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1858.Google Scholar

Holly, James Theodore. A Vindication of the Capacity of the Negro for Self-Government and Civilized Progress, as Demonstrated by Historical Events of the Haytian Revolution; and the Subsequent Acts of That People since Their National Independence. New Haven, CT: Afric-American Printing Co., 1857.Google Scholar

Holly, James Theodore, Freeman, C., and Clark, Lewis. “Report on Emigration.” n Minutes and Proceedings of the General Convention for the Improvement of the Colored Inhabitants of Canada, Held by Adjournments in Amhrstburgh [Sic], C.W., June 16th and 17th, 1853, 11–16. Windsor, Canada West: Bibb & Holly, 1853.Google Scholar

Hovey, Sylvester. Letters from the West Indies. Relating Especially to the Danish Island St. Croix, and to the British Islands Antigua, Barbados, and Jamaica. New York: Gould & Newman, 1838.Google Scholar

Howe, Samuel Gridley. The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission. Boston, MA: Wright & Potter, 1864.Google Scholar

Jay, William. An Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the American Colonization, and American Anti-Slavery Societies. New York: Leavitt, Lord, 1835.Google Scholar

Jay, William. A View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery. New York: J. C. Jackson for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1844.Google Scholar

Lundy, Benjamin. The life, travels, and opinions of Benjamin Lundy: including his journeys to Texas and Mexico, with a sketch of contemporary events, and a notice of the revolution in Hayti. Philadelphia, PA: William D. Parrish, 1847.Google Scholar

Malvin, John. Autobiography of John Malvin: A Narrative, Containing an Authentic Account of His Fifty Years’ Struggle in the State of Ohio in Behalf of the American Slave and the Equal Rights of All Men Before the Law Without Reference to Race or Color; Forty-Seven Years of Said Time Being Expended in the City of Cleveland. Cleveland, OH: Leader Printing Co., 1879.Google Scholar

Martineau, Harriet. The Martyr Age of the United States. Boston, MA: Weeks, Jordan & co., 1839.Google Scholar

Moody, Loring. Facts for the People: Showing the Relations of the United States Government to Slavery, Embracing a History of the Mexican War, Its Origin and Objects. Boston, MA: Dow and Jackson’s Anti-Slavery Press, 1847.Google Scholar

New York City Anti-Slavery Society. Address of the New-York City Anti-Slavery Society, to the People of the City of New-York. New York: West & Trow, 1833.Google Scholar

Phillippo, James M. Jamaica: Its Past and Present State. London: John Snow, 1843.Google Scholar

Prince, Nancy. The West Indies: Being a Description of the Islands, Progress of Christianity, Education, and Liberty among the Colored Population Generally. Boston, MA: Dow & Jackson, 1841.Google Scholar

Report of the Select Committee on Emancipation and Colonization, with an Appendix (House of Representatives, 37th Congress, 2nd Session). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1862.Google Scholar

Royal Commission on Fugitive Slaves (Great Britain). Report of the Commissioners, Minutes of the Evidence, and Appendix, with General Index of Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1876.Google Scholar

Saunders, Prince. Haytian Papers: A Collection of the Very Interesting Proclamations and Other Official Documents: Together with Some Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Kingdom of Hayti. London: W. Reed, law bookseller, 1816.Google Scholar

Saunders, Prince. A Memoir Presented to the American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, and Improving the Condition of the African Race, December 11th, 1818. Philadelphia: Dennis Heartt, 1818.Google Scholar

Shadd, Mary Ann. A Plea for Emigration; or, Notes of Canada West, in Its Moral, Social, and Political Aspect: With Suggestions Respecting Mexico, West Indies, and Vancouver Island. Detroit, MI: George W. Pattison, 1852.Google Scholar

Shadd, Mary Ann. A Plea for Emigration; or Notes of Canada West . Edited by Phanuel Antwi. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Smallwood, Thomas. A Narrative of Thomas Smallwood, Coloured Man: Giving an Account of His Birth – The Period He Was Held in Slavery – His Release – And Removal to Canada, Etc. Together with an Account of the Underground Railroad. Written by Himself. Toronto: The Author, 1851.Google Scholar

Steward, Austin. Twenty-Two Years a Slave and Forty Years a Freeman; Embracing a Correspondence of Several Years, While President of Wilberforce Colony, London, Canada West. Rochester, NY: W. Alling, 1857.Google Scholar

Still, William. The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narrative, Letters, &c., Narrating the Hardships, Hair-Breadth Escapes and Death Struggles of the Slaves in Their Efforts of Freedom, as Related by Themselves and Others, or Witnessed by the Author; Together with Sketches of Some of the Largest Stockholders, and Most Liberal Aiders and Advisers, of the Road. Philadelphia, PA: Porter & Coates, 1872.Google Scholar

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or, Life Among the Lowly. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1852.Google Scholar

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Presenting the Original Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story is Founded. Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1853.Google Scholar

Stuart, Charles. Remarks on the Colony of Liberia and the American Colonization Society, with some account of the settlement of Colored People at Wilberforce, Upper Canada, by C. Stuart. London: J. Messeder, 1832.Google Scholar

Sturge, Joseph and Harvey, Thomas. The West Indies in 1837; Being a Journal of a Visit to Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbadoes, and Jamaica; Undertaken for the Purpose of Ascertaining the Actual Condition of the Negro Population of Those Islands. 2nd ed. London: Hamilton, Adams, 1838.Google Scholar

Taney, Chief Justice, Roger. The Case of Dred Scott in the United States Supreme Court with the Full Opinions of Chief Justice Taney and Justice Curtis, and the Abstracts of the Opinions of the Other Judges. New York: Horace Greeley, 1860.Google Scholar

The Legion of Liberty: Remonstrance of Some Free Men, States, and Presses, to the Texas Rebellion, Against the Laws of Nature and of Nations. Albany, NY, 1843.Google Scholar

The Fugitive Slaves in Canada. London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, 1858.Google Scholar

Thome, James A. and Kimball, Joseph Horace. Emancipation in the West Indies: A Six Months’ Tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica in the Year 1837. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838.Google Scholar

Thome, James A. and Kimball, Joseph Horace. “Emancipation in the West Indies: A Six Months’ Tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica in the Year 1837” (Pamphlet). The Anti-Slavery Examiner, 1838.Google Scholar

Townsend, Hannah. The Anti-Slavery Alphabet. Philadelphia, PA: Merrihew & Thompson, 1846.Google Scholar

Two Hundred Coloured Persons. “A Petition, Discovered by the Honourable William Renwick Riddell, Justice of Appeal, Ontario, Canada (June 18, 1828).” Journal of Negro History 15, no. 1(January 1930): 115–116.Google Scholar

Walker, David. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Colored Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America. Boston, MA, 1829.Google Scholar

Ward, Samuel Ringgold. Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United States, Canada and England. London: John Snow, 1855.Google Scholar

Watkins, James. Narrative of the Life of James Watkins, Formerly a “Chattel” in Maryland, U.S. Containing an Account of His Escape from Slavery, Together with an Appeal on Behalf of Three Millions of Such “Pieces of Property,” Still Held Under the Standard of the Eagle. Bolton: Kenyon & Abbatt, 1852.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1839, The. New York and Boston, MA: S. W. Benedict and Isaac Knapp for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Society. Fourth Annual Report of the American Anti-Slavery Society, with the Speeches Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting Held in the City of New York on the 9th May, 1837. New York: William S. Dorr, 1837.Google Scholar

American Anti-Slavery Society. The Legion of Liberty! And Force of Truth, Containing the thoughts, word, and deed, of some prominent Apostles, Champions and Martyrs. 2nd ed. New York, 1843.Google Scholar

American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race. Minutes of the proceedings of the Fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the fifth day of August, 1817, and continued by adjournments until the eighth of the same month, inclusive. Philadelphia: Merritt, 1817.Google Scholar

American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race. Minutes of the proceedings of a special meeting of the fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the tenth day of December, 1818, and continued by adjournments until the fifteenth of the same month, inclusive. Philadelphia: Hall & Atkinson, 1818.Google Scholar

Anderson, Osborne P. A Voice from Harper’s Ferry: A Narrative of Events at Harper’s Ferry; with Incidents Prior and Subsequent to Its Capture by Captain Brown and His Men. Boston, MA, 1861.Google Scholar

Anderson, William. Life and Narrative of William J. Anderson, Twenty-Four Years a Slave; Sold Eight Times! In Jail Sixty Times!! Whipped Three Hundred Times!!! Or The Dark Deeds of American Slavery Revealed. Containing Scriptural Views of the Origin of the Black and of the White Man. Also, a Simple and Easy Plan to Abolish Slavery in the United States. Together with an Account of the Services of Colored Men in the Revolutionary War – Day and Date, and Interesting Facts. Chicago, IL: Daily Tribune, 1857.Google Scholar

Bibb, Henry. Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: The Author, 1849.Google Scholar

Birney, William. James G. Birney and His Times: The Genesis of the Republican Party with Some Account of Abolition Movements in the South before 1828. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1890.Google Scholar

Bleby, Henry. “Speech of Rev. Henry Bleby, Missionary from Barbadoes, on the Results of Emancipation in the British W. I. Colonies, Delivered at the Celebration of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Held at Island Grove, Abington, July 31st, 1858.” R. F. Wallcut, 1858.Google Scholar

Brown, Isaac V. Memoirs of the Rev. Robert Finley, D.D. New Brunswick, NJ: Terhune & Letson, 1819.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself. Boston, MA: The Anti-Slavery Office, 1847.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. The Anti-Slavery Harp: A Collection of Songs for Anti-Slavery Meetings. Boston, MA: Bela Marsh, 1848.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself. 4th ed. London: Charles Gilpin, 1849.Google Scholar

Brown, William Wells. The Escape, Or, A Leap for Freedom: A Drama in Five Acts (1858). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Channing, William Ellery. The Duty of the Free States, or, Remarks Suggested by the Case of the Creole, First Part. Boston, MA: William Crosby, 1842.Google Scholar

Child, Lydia Maria. The Right Way the Safe Way, as Proved by Emancipation in the British West Indies. New York, 1862.Google Scholar

Clarke, Lewis. Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke, During a Captivity of More than Twenty-Five Years, among the Algerines of Kentucky, One of the So Called Christian States of North America. Dictated by Himself. Boston, MA: David H. Ela, Printer, 1845.Google Scholar

Craft, William. Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom: The Escape of William and Ellen Craft. Edited by Blackett, R. J. M.. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Crallé, Richard K., ed. Reports and Public Letters of John C. Calhoun. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1883.Google Scholar

Delany, Martin R. The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States. Politically Considered. Philadelphia, PA: Martin Robison Delany, 1852.Google Scholar

Dewey, Loring D. Correspondence Relative to the Emigration to Hayti, of the Free People of Colour, in the United States. Together with the Instructions to the Agent Sent Out by President Boyer. New York: Mahlon Day, 1824.Google Scholar

Drew, Benjamin. A North-Side View of Slavery. The Refugee: Or The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1856.Google Scholar

Earle, Thomas. The Life, Travels and Opinions of Benjamin Lundy: Including His Journeys to Texas and Mexico; with a Sketch of Contemporary Events, and a Notice of the Revolution in Hayti. Philadelphia, PA: William D. Parrisi, 1847.Google Scholar

Exposition of the Object and Plans of the American Union for the Relief and Improvement of the Colored Race. Boston, MA, 1835.Google Scholar

Forten, James and Perrott, Russell. “Address to the humane and benevolent Inhabitants of the city and county of Philadelphia” (1817). In Minutes of the proceedings of a special meeting of the fifteenth American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, Assembled at Philadelphia, on the tenth day of December, 1818, and continued by adjournments until the fifteenth of the same month, inclusive, i–iv. Philadelphia, PA: Hall & Atkinson, 1818.Google Scholar

Giddings, Joshua R. The Rights of the Free States Subverted, or, An Enumeration of Some of the Most Prominent Instances in Which the Federal Constitution Has Been Violated by Our National Government, for the Benefit of Slavery. [Washington, DC?], 1844.Google Scholar

Green, William. Narrative of Events in the Life of William Green, (Formerly a Slave.) Written by Himself. Springfield, MA: L. M. Guernsey, 1853.Google Scholar

Gurney, Joseph John. Familiar Letters to Henry Clay of Kentucky, Describing a Winter in the West Indies. New York: Mahlon Day & Co., 1840.Google Scholar

Henson, Josiah. The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, As Narrated by Himself. Edited by Eliot, Samuel A.. Boston, MA: A. D. Phelps, 1849.Google Scholar

Henson, Josiah. Truth Is Stranger than Fiction. Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life. Edited by Eliot, Samuel A.. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1858.Google Scholar

Holly, James Theodore. A Vindication of the Capacity of the Negro for Self-Government and Civilized Progress, as Demonstrated by Historical Events of the Haytian Revolution; and the Subsequent Acts of That People since Their National Independence. New Haven, CT: Afric-American Printing Co., 1857.Google Scholar

Holly, James Theodore, Freeman, C., and Clark, Lewis. “Report on Emigration.” n Minutes and Proceedings of the General Convention for the Improvement of the Colored Inhabitants of Canada, Held by Adjournments in Amhrstburgh [Sic], C.W., June 16th and 17th, 1853, 11–16. Windsor, Canada West: Bibb & Holly, 1853.Google Scholar

Hovey, Sylvester. Letters from the West Indies. Relating Especially to the Danish Island St. Croix, and to the British Islands Antigua, Barbados, and Jamaica. New York: Gould & Newman, 1838.Google Scholar

Howe, Samuel Gridley. The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission. Boston, MA: Wright & Potter, 1864.Google Scholar

Jay, William. An Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the American Colonization, and American Anti-Slavery Societies. New York: Leavitt, Lord, 1835.Google Scholar

Jay, William. A View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery. New York: J. C. Jackson for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1844.Google Scholar

Lundy, Benjamin. The life, travels, and opinions of Benjamin Lundy: including his journeys to Texas and Mexico, with a sketch of contemporary events, and a notice of the revolution in Hayti. Philadelphia, PA: William D. Parrish, 1847.Google Scholar

Malvin, John. Autobiography of John Malvin: A Narrative, Containing an Authentic Account of His Fifty Years’ Struggle in the State of Ohio in Behalf of the American Slave and the Equal Rights of All Men Before the Law Without Reference to Race or Color; Forty-Seven Years of Said Time Being Expended in the City of Cleveland. Cleveland, OH: Leader Printing Co., 1879.Google Scholar

Martineau, Harriet. The Martyr Age of the United States. Boston, MA: Weeks, Jordan & co., 1839.Google Scholar

Moody, Loring. Facts for the People: Showing the Relations of the United States Government to Slavery, Embracing a History of the Mexican War, Its Origin and Objects. Boston, MA: Dow and Jackson’s Anti-Slavery Press, 1847.Google Scholar

New York City Anti-Slavery Society. Address of the New-York City Anti-Slavery Society, to the People of the City of New-York. New York: West & Trow, 1833.Google Scholar

Phillippo, James M. Jamaica: Its Past and Present State. London: John Snow, 1843.Google Scholar

Prince, Nancy. The West Indies: Being a Description of the Islands, Progress of Christianity, Education, and Liberty among the Colored Population Generally. Boston, MA: Dow & Jackson, 1841.Google Scholar

Report of the Select Committee on Emancipation and Colonization, with an Appendix (House of Representatives, 37th Congress, 2nd Session). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1862.Google Scholar

Royal Commission on Fugitive Slaves (Great Britain). Report of the Commissioners, Minutes of the Evidence, and Appendix, with General Index of Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1876.Google Scholar

Saunders, Prince. Haytian Papers: A Collection of the Very Interesting Proclamations and Other Official Documents: Together with Some Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Kingdom of Hayti. London: W. Reed, law bookseller, 1816.Google Scholar

Saunders, Prince. A Memoir Presented to the American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, and Improving the Condition of the African Race, December 11th, 1818. Philadelphia: Dennis Heartt, 1818.Google Scholar

Shadd, Mary Ann. A Plea for Emigration; or, Notes of Canada West, in Its Moral, Social, and Political Aspect: With Suggestions Respecting Mexico, West Indies, and Vancouver Island. Detroit, MI: George W. Pattison, 1852.Google Scholar

Shadd, Mary Ann. A Plea for Emigration; or Notes of Canada West . Edited by Phanuel Antwi. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Smallwood, Thomas. A Narrative of Thomas Smallwood, Coloured Man: Giving an Account of His Birth – The Period He Was Held in Slavery – His Release – And Removal to Canada, Etc. Together with an Account of the Underground Railroad. Written by Himself. Toronto: The Author, 1851.Google Scholar

Steward, Austin. Twenty-Two Years a Slave and Forty Years a Freeman; Embracing a Correspondence of Several Years, While President of Wilberforce Colony, London, Canada West. Rochester, NY: W. Alling, 1857.Google Scholar

Still, William. The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narrative, Letters, &c., Narrating the Hardships, Hair-Breadth Escapes and Death Struggles of the Slaves in Their Efforts of Freedom, as Related by Themselves and Others, or Witnessed by the Author; Together with Sketches of Some of the Largest Stockholders, and Most Liberal Aiders and Advisers, of the Road. Philadelphia, PA: Porter & Coates, 1872.Google Scholar

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or, Life Among the Lowly. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1852.Google Scholar

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Presenting the Original Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story is Founded. Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work. Boston, MA: J. P. Jewett, 1853.Google Scholar

Stuart, Charles. Remarks on the Colony of Liberia and the American Colonization Society, with some account of the settlement of Colored People at Wilberforce, Upper Canada, by C. Stuart. London: J. Messeder, 1832.Google Scholar

Sturge, Joseph and Harvey, Thomas. The West Indies in 1837; Being a Journal of a Visit to Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbadoes, and Jamaica; Undertaken for the Purpose of Ascertaining the Actual Condition of the Negro Population of Those Islands. 2nd ed. London: Hamilton, Adams, 1838.Google Scholar

Taney, Chief Justice, Roger. The Case of Dred Scott in the United States Supreme Court with the Full Opinions of Chief Justice Taney and Justice Curtis, and the Abstracts of the Opinions of the Other Judges. New York: Horace Greeley, 1860.Google Scholar

The Legion of Liberty: Remonstrance of Some Free Men, States, and Presses, to the Texas Rebellion, Against the Laws of Nature and of Nations. Albany, NY, 1843.Google Scholar

The Fugitive Slaves in Canada. London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, 1858.Google Scholar

Thome, James A. and Kimball, Joseph Horace. Emancipation in the West Indies: A Six Months’ Tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica in the Year 1837. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838.Google Scholar

Thome, James A. and Kimball, Joseph Horace. “Emancipation in the West Indies: A Six Months’ Tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica in the Year 1837” (Pamphlet). The Anti-Slavery Examiner, 1838.Google Scholar

Townsend, Hannah. The Anti-Slavery Alphabet. Philadelphia, PA: Merrihew & Thompson, 1846.Google Scholar

Two Hundred Coloured Persons. “A Petition, Discovered by the Honourable William Renwick Riddell, Justice of Appeal, Ontario, Canada (June 18, 1828).” Journal of Negro History 15, no. 1(January 1930): 115–116.Google Scholar

Walker, David. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Colored Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America. Boston, MA, 1829.Google Scholar

Ward, Samuel Ringgold. Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United States, Canada and England. London: John Snow, 1855.Google Scholar

Watkins, James. Narrative of the Life of James Watkins, Formerly a “Chattel” in Maryland, U.S. Containing an Account of His Escape from Slavery, Together with an Appeal on Behalf of Three Millions of Such “Pieces of Property,” Still Held Under the Standard of the Eagle. Bolton: Kenyon & Abbatt, 1852.Google Scholar

Bell, Howard Holman, ed. Minutes of the Proceedings of the National Negro Conventions, 1830–1864. The American Negro: His History and Literature. New York: Arno Press, 1969.Google Scholar

Blassingame, John W., ed. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Davis, Rodney O. and Wilson, Douglas L., eds. The Lincoln–Douglas Debates. Urbana: Knox College Lincoln Studies Center and the University of Illinois Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Levine, Robert S., ed. Martin R. Delany: A Documentary Reader. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Mallory, Daniel, ed. The Life and Speeches of the Hon. Henry Clay, in Two Volumes. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York: R. P. Bixby, 1843.Google Scholar

McCarthy, Timothy Patrick and Stauffer, John, eds. Pamphlets of Protest: Reconsidering the History of American Abolitionism. New York: New Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Ripley, C. Peter, ed. The Black Abolitionist Papers. Vol. 2, Canada, 1830–1865. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Ripley, C. Peter, ed. The Black Abolitionist Papers. Vol. 4, The United States, 1847–1858. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Wiggins, Rosalind Cobb. Captain Paul Cuffe’s Logs and Letters, 1808–1817: A Black Quaker’s “Voice from Within the Veil.” Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Wilson, Clyde Norman, ed. The Papers of John C. Calhoun. Vol. 13. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1959.Google Scholar

Adderley, Rosanne Marion. “New Negroes from Africa”: Slave Trade Abolition and Free African Settlement in the Nineteenth-Century Caribbean. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Adeleke, Tunde. Without Regard to Race: The Other Martin Robison Delany. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2003.Google Scholar

Adler, Judith. “Travel as Performed Art.” American Journal of Sociology 94, no. 6(1989): 1366–1391.Google Scholar

Andrews, William L. To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760–1865. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Appadurai, Arjun. Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Audain, Mekala. “Mexican Canaan: Fugitive Slaves and Free Blacks on the American Frontier, 1804–1867.” PhD diss., Rutgers, 2014.Google Scholar

Audain, Mekala. “‘Design His Course to Mexico’: The Fugitive Slave Experience in the Texas–Mexico Borderlands, 1850–1853.” In Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Freedom in North America, edited by Pargas, Damian Alan, 232–250. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Bacon, Jacqueline. Freedom’s Journal: The First African-American Newspaper. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007.Google Scholar

Ball, Erica. To Live an Antislavery Life: Personal Politics and the Antebellum Black Middle Class. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Baptist, Edward E. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 2016.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Alice. South to Freedom: Runaway Slaves to Mexico and the Road to the Civil War. New York: Basic Books, 2020.Google Scholar

Bell, Richard. Stolen: Five Free Boys Kidnapped into Slavery and Their Astonishing Odyssey Home. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2019.Google Scholar

Bernier, Celeste-Marie. “From Fugitive Slave to Fugitive Abolitionist.” Atlantic Studies 3, no. 2 (October 2006): 201–224.Google Scholar

Bethel, Elizabeth Rauh. “Images of Hayti: The Construction of an Afro-American Lieu De Mémoire.” Callaloo 15, no. 3 (July 1992): 827–841.Google Scholar

Blackett, R. J. M. Building an Antislavery Wall: Black Americans in the Atlantic Abolitionist Movement, 1830–1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Blackett, R. J. M. Making Freedom: The Underground Railroad and the Politics of Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Blackett, R. J. M. The Captive’s Quest for Freedom: Fugitive Slaves, the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, and the Politics of Slavery. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Blight, David, ed. Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory. Washington, DC: Harper, 2006.Google Scholar

Bolland, O. Nigel. “The Politics of Freedom in the British Caribbean.” In The Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics, and Culture after Slavery, edited by McGlynn, Frank and Drescher, Seymour, 113–146. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Bordewich, Fergus M. Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America. New York: Amistad, 2005.Google Scholar

Bordewich, Fergus M. America’s Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise that Preserved the Union. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013.Google Scholar

Brown, Christopher Leslie. Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Browning, Andrew H. The Panic of 1819: The First Great Depression. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2019.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Thomas C. Black Life on the Mississippi: Slaves, Free Blacks, and the Western Steamboat World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Burin, Eric. Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.Google Scholar

Burrowes, Carl Patrick. “Black Christian Republicanism: A Southern Ideology in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847.” Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001): 30–44.Google Scholar

Byrd, Alexander X. Captives and Voyagers: Black Migrants Across the Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Calloway-Thomas, Carolyn. “Mary Ann Shadd Cary: Crafting Black Culture Through Empirical and Moral Arguments.” Howard Journal of Communications 24, no. 3 (July 2013): 239–256.Google Scholar

Campbell, Lyndsay. “The Northern Borderlands: Canada West.” In Freedom’s Conditions in the U.S.–Canadian Borderlands in the Age of Emancipation, edited by Freyer, Tony and Campbell, Lyndsay, 196–226. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Campbell, Randolph B. An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Campbell, Stanley W. The Slave Catchers: Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, 1850–1860. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Claybaugh, Amanda. The Novel of Purpose: Literature and Social Reform in the Anglo-American World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Clayton, Nichola. “Managing the Transition to a Free Labor Society: American Interpretations of the British West Indies during the Civil War and Reconstruction.” American Nineteenth Century History 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 89–108.Google Scholar

Clegg, Claude Andrew. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cohen, Lara Langer and Stein, Jordan Alexander, eds. Early African American Print Culture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Collison, Gary L. Shadrach Minkins: From Fugitive Slave to Citizen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Cooper, Afua. “The Voice of the Fugitive: A Transnational Abolitionist Organ.” In A Fluid Frontier: Slavery, Resistance, and the Underground Railroad in the Detroit River Borderland, edited by Frost, Karolyn Smardz and Tucker, Veta Smith, 135–153. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Cordell, Ryan. “Reprinting, Circulation, and the Network Author in Antebellum Newspapers.” American Literary History 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 417–445.Google Scholar

Cornell, Sarah E. “Citizens of Nowhere: Fugitive Slaves and Free African Americans in Mexico, 1833–1857.” Journal of American History 100, no. 2 (September 2013): 351–374.Google Scholar

Curtin, Philip D. Two Jamaicas: The Role of Ideas in a Tropical Colony, 1830–1865. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955.Google Scholar

Curtis, Bruce. “Preconditions of the Canadian State: Educational Reform and the Construction of a Public in Upper Canada, 1837–1846.” In Historical Essays on Upper Canada: New Perspectives, edited by Johnson, J. K. and Wilson, Bruce G., 341–368. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation. New York: Knopf, 2014.Google Scholar

DeBoer, Clara Merritt. Be Jubilant My Feet: African American Abolitionists in the American Missionary Association, 1839–1861. New York: Garland, 1994.Google Scholar

Delbanco, Andrew. The Abolitionist Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

DeLombard, Jeannine Marie. Slavery on Trial: Law, Abolitionism, and Print Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Deyle, Steven. Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Diemer, Andrew. The Politics of Black Citizenship: Free African Americans in the Mid-Atlantic Borderland, 1817–1863. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy and the Struggle for Negro Freedom. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1966.Google Scholar

Dixon, Chris. African America and Haiti: Emigration and Black Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Downey, Arthur T. The Creole Affair: The Slave Rebellion that Led the U.S. and Great Britain to the Brink of War. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.Google Scholar

Drescher, Seymour. The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor versus Slavery in British Emancipation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Earle, Jonathan Halperin. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil, 1824–1854. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Everill, Bronwen. Abolition and Empire in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.Google Scholar

Fagan, Benjamin. The Black Newspaper and the Chosen Nation. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Falola, Toyin. Introduction to The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States and Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party, by Martin Delany, 7–25. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books, 2004.Google Scholar

Fanning, Sara C. “The Roots of Early Black Nationalism: Northern African Americans’ Invocations of Haiti in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Slavery & Abolition 28, no. 1 (April 2007): 61–85.Google Scholar

Fanning, Sara C. Caribbean Crossing: African Americans and the Haitian Emigration Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Faulkner, Carol. “The Root of the Evil: Free Produce and Radical Antislavery, 1820–1860.” Journal of the Early Republic 27, no. 3 (2007): 377–405.Google Scholar

Faust, Drew Gilpin. “A Southern Stewardship: The Intellectual and the Proslavery Argument.” In Proslavery Thought, Ideology, and Politics, edited by Finkelman, Paul, 129–146. New York: Garland, 1989.Google Scholar

Fehrenbacher, Don Edward. Slavery, Law, and Politics: The Dred Scott Case in Historical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Ferrer, Ada. “Haiti, Free Soil, and Antislavery in the Revolutionary Atlantic.” American Historical Review 117, no. 1 (February 2012): 40–66.Google Scholar

Ferrer, Ada. Freedom’s Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Finkelman, Paul. Dred Scott v. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents. 2nd ed. New York: Bedford Books, 2016.Google Scholar

Fitz, Caitlin. Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions. New York: Liveright, 2016.Google Scholar

Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.Google Scholar

Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Foner, Eric. Nothing But Freedom: Emancipation and Its Legacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Foner, Eric. Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016.Google Scholar

Foner, Philip S. “Alexander Von Humboldt on Slavery in America.” Science & Society 47, no. 3 (October 1983): 330–342.Google Scholar

Forbes, Robert Pierce. The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Ford, Lacy. “Reconfiguring the Old South: ‘Solving’ the Problem of Slavery, 1787–1838.” Journal of American History 95, no. 1 (June 2008): 95–122, 14–15.Google Scholar

Foreman, P. Gabrielle, Casey, Jim C., and Peterson, Sarah L., eds. The Colored Conventions Movement: Black Organizing in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Frankel, Oz. States of Inquiry: Social Investigations and Print Culture in Nineteenth-Century Britain and the United States. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Frost, Karolyn Smardz. I’ve Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad. New York: Farrar Strauss & Giroux, 2008.Google Scholar

Frost, Karolyn Smardz and Tucker, Veta Smith, eds. A Fluid Frontier: Slavery, Resistance, and the Underground Railroad in the Detroit River Borderland. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Furrow, Matthew. “Samuel Gridley Howe, the Black Population of Canada West, and the Racial Ideology of the ‘Blueprint for Radical Reconstruction.’” Journal of American History 97, no. 2 (2010): 344–370.Google Scholar

Gaines, Kevin K. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Gara, Larry. The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.Google Scholar

Garvey, Ellen Gruber. Writing with Scissors: American Scrapbooks from the Civil War to the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Geggus, David P., ed. The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Gellman, David N. Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom, 1777–1827. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Genovese, Eugene D. Fatal Self-Deception: Slaveholding Paternalism in the Old South. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Gilbert, Alan. Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Gonzalez, Johnhenry. “Defiant Haiti: Free-Soil Runaways, Ship Seizures and the Politics of Diplomatic Non-Recognition in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Slavery & Abolition 36, no. 1 (2015): 124–135.Google Scholar

Gosse, Van. “‘As a Nation, the English Are Our Friends’: The Emergence of African American Politics in the British Atlantic World, 1772–1861.” American Historical Review 113, no. 4 (October 2008): 1003–1028.Google Scholar

Green, William A. British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment, 1830–1865. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar

Griggs, Earl Leslie and Prator, Clifford H., eds. Introduction to Henry Christophe and Thomas Clarkson: A Correspondence. New York: Greenwood, 1968.Google Scholar

Gross, Robert A. and Kelley, Mary, eds. An Extensive Republic: Print, Culture, and Society in the New Nation, 1790–1840. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Guyatt, Nicholas. “‘The Outskirts of Our Happiness’: Race and the Lure of Colonization in the Early Republic.” Journal of American History 95, no. 4 (March 2009): 986–1011.Google Scholar

Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Hahn, Steven. “Did We Miss the Greatest Slave Rebellion in Modern History?” In The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom, 55–114. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Hall, Catherine. Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830–1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Harris, Leslie M. In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Harrold, Stanley. “Romanticizing Slave Revolt: Madison Washington, the Creole Mutiny, and Abolitionist Celebration of Violent Means.” In Antislavery Violence: Sectional, Racial, and Cultural Conflict in Antebellum America, edited by John, R. McKivigan and Harrold, Stanley, 89–107. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Harrold, Stanley. Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004.Google Scholar

Harrold, Stanley. Border War: Fighting Over Slavery Before the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Harrold, Stanley. American Abolitionism: Its Direct Political Impact from Colonial Times into Reconstruction. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019.Google Scholar

Heglar, Charles J. Introduction to The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb: An American Slave, v–xxxv. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Hendrick, George and Hendrick, Willene. The Creole Mutiny: A Tale of Revolt Aboard a Slave Ship. Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee, 2003.Google Scholar

Henry, Natasha L. Emancipation Day: Celebrating Freedom in Canada. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Hepburn, Sharon A. Roger. Crossing the Border: A Free Black Community in Canada. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Herschthal, Eric. “Slaves, Spaniards, and Subversion in Early Louisiana: The Persistent Fears of Black Revolt and Spanish Collusion in Territorial Louisiana, 1803–1812.” Journal of the Early Republic 36, no. 2 (June 2016): 283–311.Google Scholar

Higman, B. W., ed. “Jamaican Census of 1844.” In The Jamaican Censuses of 1844 and 1861. Mona, JA: Department of History, University of the West Indies, 1980.Google Scholar

Hinks, Peter B. “‘Frequently Plunged into Slavery’: Free Blacks and Kidnapping in Antebellum Boston.” Historical Journal of Massachusetts (Winter 1992): 16–31.Google Scholar

Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Hite, Roger W. “Voice of a Fugitive: Henry Bibb and Ante-Bellum Black Separatism.” Journal of Black Studies 4, no. 3 (March 1974): 269–284.Google Scholar

Hodges, Graham Russell Gao. David Ruggles: A Radical Black Abolitionist and the Underground Railroad in New York City. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Hoffer, Peter Charles, Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Holt, Thomas C. The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832–1938. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Horne, Gerald. Negro Comrades of the Crown: African Americans and the British Empire Fight the U.S. Before Emancipation. New York: New York University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Horton, James Oliver and Horton, Lois E.. In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community, and Protest among Northern Free Blacks, 1700–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Horton, Lois E. “From Class to Race in Early America: Northern Post-Emancipation Racial Reconstruction.” Journal of the Early Republic 19, no. 4 (December 1999): 629–649.Google Scholar

Hunt, Alfred N. Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Hurwitz, Samuel J. and Hurwitz, Edith F.. “A Token of Freedom: Private Bill Legislation for Free Negroes in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica.” William and Mary Quarterly 24, no. 3 (1967): 423–431.Google Scholar

Jackson, Kellie Carter. Force and Freedom: Black Abolitionists and the Politics of Violence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.Google Scholar

James, Winston. The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799–1851. New York: New York University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Jasanoff, Maya. Liberty’s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.Google Scholar

Johnson, Walter. River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Jones, Martha S. “Time, Space, and Jurisdiction in Atlantic World Slavery: The Volunbrun Household in Gradual Emancipation New York.” Law and History Review 29, no. 4 (2011): 1031–1060.Google Scholar

Jones, Martha S. Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Kachun, Mitchell A. Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Kantrowitz, Stephen. More Than Freedom: Fighting for Black Citizenship in a White Republic, 1829–1889. New York: Penguin, 2012.Google Scholar

Karp, Matthew. This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Kelley, Sean. “‘Mexico in His Head’: Slavery and the Texas–Mexico Border, 1810–1860.” Journal of Social History 37, no. 3 (2004): 709–723.Google Scholar

Kendi, Ibram X. Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. New York: Nation Books, 2016.Google Scholar

Kennington, Kelly M. In the Shadow of Dred Scott: St. Louis Freedom Suits and the Legal Culture of Slavery in Antebellum America. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2017.Google Scholar

Kenny, Gale L. Contentious Liberties: American Abolitionists in Post-Emancipation Jamaica, 1834–1866. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Kenny, Gale L. “Manliness and Manifest Racial Destiny: Jamaica and African American Emigration in the 1850s.” Journal of the Civil War Era 2, no. 2 (2012): 151–178.Google Scholar

Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. Rites of August First Emancipation Day in the Black Atlantic World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. “Samuel Ward and the Making of an Imperial Subject.” Slavery & Abolition 33, no. 2 (May 21, 2012): 205–219.Google Scholar

Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. Rebellious Passage: The Creole Revolt and America’s Coastal Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Kinshasa, Kwando Mbiassi. Emigration vs. Assimilation: The Debate in the African American Press, 1827–1861. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1988.Google Scholar

Konig, David Thomas, Finkelman, Paul, and Bracey, Christopher Alan, eds. The Dred Scott Case: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Race and Law. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Landers, Jane. Black Society in Spanish Florida. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Lightfoot, Natasha. Troubling Freedom: Antigua and the Aftermath of British Emancipation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Lockett, James D. “Abraham Lincoln and Colonization: An Episode That Ends in Tragedy at L’Ile a Vache, Haiti, 1863–1864.” Journal of Black Studies 21, no. 4 (June 1991): 428–444.Google Scholar

Lohse, Russell. “Reconciling Freedom with the Rights of Property: Slave Emancipation in Colombia, 1821–1852, with Special Reference to La Plata.” Journal of Negro History 86, no. 3 (2001): 203–227.Google Scholar

Loughran, Trish. The Republic in Print: Print Culture in the Age of U.S. Nation Building, 1770–1870. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Lynch, John. Simón Bolívar: A Life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Manning, Chandra. What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War. New York: Random House, 2007.Google Scholar

Manning, Chandra. Troubled Refuge: Struggling for Freedom in the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016.Google Scholar

McDaniel, W. Caleb. The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists and Transatlantic Reform. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

McDaniel, Caleb. Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar

McGill, Meredith L. American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834–1853. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.Google Scholar

McPherson, James. The Struggle for Equality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.Google Scholar

Meer, Sarah. Uncle Tom Mania: Slavery, Minstrelsy, and Transatlantic Culture in the 1850s. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Melish, Joanne Pope. Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England, 1780–1860. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Miller, Floyd J. The Search for a Black Nationality: Black Emigration and Colonization, 1787–1863. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.Google Scholar

Mills, Brandon. “‘The United States of Africa’: Liberian Independence and the Contested Meaning of a Black Republic.” Journal of the Early Republic 34, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 79–107.Google Scholar

Mitchell, Mary Niall. Raising Freedom’s Child: Black Children and Visions of the Future after Slavery. New York: New York University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Murphy, Angela F. The Jerry Rescue: The Fugitive Slave Law, Northern Rights, and the American Sectional Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Murray, Alexander Lovell. “Canada and the Anglo-American Anti-Slavery Movement: A Study in International Philanthropy.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1960.Google Scholar

Murray, David. “Hands Across the Border: The Abortive Extradition of Solomon Moseby.” Canadian Review of American Studies 30, no. 2 (January 2000): 185–208.Google Scholar

Nash, Gary B. Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720–1840. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Newman, Richard S. The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Newman, Richard S. Freedom’s Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Fathers. New York: New York University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Newman, Richard S. “‘Lucky to Be Born in Pennsylvania’: Free Soil, Fugitive Slaves and the Making of Pennsylvania’s Anti-Slavery Borderland.” Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 3 (2011): 413–430.Google Scholar

Newman, Richard and Mueller, James, eds. Antislavery and Abolition in Philadelphia: Emancipation and the Long Struggle for Racial Justice in the City of Brotherly Love. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Nichols, James David. “Freedom Interrupted: Runaway Slaves and Insecure Borders in the Mexican Northeast.” In Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Freedom in North America, edited by Pargas, Damian Alan, 251–274. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Nichols, James David. The Limits of Liberty: Mobility and the Making of the Eastern U.S.–Mexico Border. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Novak, William J. “The Legal Transformation of Citizenship in Nineteenth-Century America.” In The Democratic Experiment, edited by Jacobs, Meg, Novak, William J., and Zelizer, Julian E., 85–119. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Oates, Stephen B. To Purge This Land with Blood: A Biography of John Brown, 2nd ed. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, Elizabeth A. “‘There’s Death in the Pot!’ The British Free Produce Movement and the Religious Society of Friends, with Particular Reference to the North-East of England.” Quaker Studies; Liverpool 13, no. 2 (March 2009): 184–204.Google Scholar

Oldfield, J. R. Transatlantic Abolitionism in the Age of Revolution: An International History of Anti-Slavery, c. 1787–1820. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Page, Sebastian N. “‘A Knife Sharp Enough to Divide Us’: William H. Seward, Abraham Lincoln, and Black Colonization.” Diplomatic History 41, no. 2 (April 2017): 362–391.Google Scholar

Pargas, Damian Alan, ed. Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Freedom in North America. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2018.Google Scholar

Pasternak, Martin B. Rise Now and Fly to Arms: The Life of Henry Highland Garnet. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar

Peabody, Sue and Grinberg, Keila. “Free Soil: The Generation and Circulation of an Atlantic Legal Principle.” Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 3 (2011): 331–339.Google Scholar

Pease, Jane H. and Pease, William Henry. They Who Would Be Free: Blacks’ Search for Freedom, 1830–1861. New York: Atheneum, 1974.Google Scholar

Power-Greene, Ousmane K. Against Wind and Tide: The African American Struggle against the Colonization Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Pryor, Elizabeth Stordeur. Colored Travelers: Mobility and the Fight for Citizenship before the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Pybus, Cassandra. Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and the Their Global Quest for Liberty. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists. New York: Da Capo Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Reynolds, David S. Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Battle for America. New York: W. W. Norton, 2011.Google Scholar

Rhodes, Jane. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Rhodes, Jane. “The Contestation over National Identity: Nineteenth-Century Black Americans in Canada.” Canadian Review of American Studies 30, no. 2 (January 2000): 173–184.Google Scholar

Risley, Ford. Abolition and the Press: The Moral Struggle Against Slavery. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Rose, Willie Lee. “The Domestication of Domestic Slavery.” In Slavery and Freedom, edited by Freehling, William W., 18–36. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Rugemer, Edward Bartlett. The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Sanneh, Lamin O. Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Sayre, Robert Duane. “The Evolution of Early American Abolitionism: The American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, 1794–1837.” PhD diss., Ohio State University, 1987.Google Scholar

Schmidt-Nowara, Christopher. Slavery, Freedom, and Abolition in Latin America and the Atlantic World. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Schuler, Monica. “Alas, Alas, Kongo”: A Social History of Indentured African Immigration into Jamaica, 1841–1865. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Schwartz, Rosalie. Across the Rio to Freedom: U.S. Negroes in Mexico. El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1975.Google Scholar

Scott, Julius Sherrard. “The Common Wind: Currents of Afro-American Communication in the Era of the Haitian Revolution,” PhD dissertation, Duke University, 1986.Google Scholar

Shaftel, Matthew. “Singing a New Song: Stephen Foster and the New American Minstrelsy.” Music and Politics 1, no. 2 (2007): 1–27.Google Scholar

Sidbury, James. Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Silverman, Jason H. “Kentucky, Canada, and Extradition: The Jesse Happy Case.” The Filson Club History Quarterly 54 (January 1980): 50–60.Google Scholar

Silverman, Jason H. Unwelcome Guests: Canada West’s Response to American Fugitive Slaves, 1800–1865. Millwood, NY: Associated Faculty Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Simpson, Donald George. Under the North Star: Black Communities in Upper Canada Before Confederation (1867), edited by Lovejoy, Paul E. Harriet Tubman Resource Center on the African Diaspora, York University. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Sinha, Manisha. The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Sio, Arnold A. “Race, Colour, and Miscegenation: The Free Coloured of Jamaica and Barbados.” Caribbean Studies 16, no. 1 (April 1976): 5–21.Google Scholar

Spires, Derrick R. The Practice of Citizenship: Black Politics and Print Culture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.Google Scholar

Sproat, John G. “Blueprint for Radical Reconstruction.” Journal of Southern History 23, no. 1 (February 1957): 25–44.Google Scholar

Staudenraus, P. J. The African Colonization Movement 1816–1865. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.Google Scholar

Stauffer, John. The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Stauffer, John and Trodd, Zoe, eds. The Tribunal: Responses to John Brown and the Harper’s Ferry Raid. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Stewart, James Brewer. Abolitionist Politics and the Coming of the Civil War. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Stouffer, Allen P. The Light of Nature and the Law of God: Antislavery in Ontario, 1833–1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Strickland, Jeff. “The American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 19th-Century Racial Pseudoscience, and the False Assessment of Black America, 1863–1864.” Federal History 11 (2019): 109–128.Google Scholar

Sundquist, Eric J. Introduction to New Essays on Uncle Tom’s Cabin, edited by Sundquist, Eric J., 1–44. Cambridge: ProQuest LLC, 2000.Google Scholar

Tamarkin, Elisa. “Black Anglophilia; or, The Sociability of Antislavery.” American Literary History 14, no. 3 (2002): 444–478.Google Scholar

Taylor, Nikki Marie. Frontiers of Freedom: Cincinnati’s Black Community, 1802–1868. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Thomas, Lamont D. Paul Cuffe: Black Entrepreneur and Pan-Africanist. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Thornton, John K. “‘I Am the Subject of the King of Congo’: African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution.” Journal of World History 4, no. 2 (1993): 181–214.Google Scholar

Tise, Larry E. Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701–1840. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Tomek, Beverly C. Colonization and Its Discontents: Emancipation, Emigration, and Antislavery in Antebellum Pennsylvania. New York: New York University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Torrey, E. Fuller. The Martyrdom of Abolitionist Charles Torrey. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Trent, James W. The Manliest Man: Samuel G. Howe and the Contours of Nineteenth-Century American Reform. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Troutman, Phillip. “Grapevine in the Slave Market: African American Geopolitical Literacy and the 1841 Creole Revolt.” In The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas, edited by Johnson, Walter, 203–233. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Turner, Mary. Slaves and Missionaries: The Disintegration of Jamaican Slave Society, 1787–1834. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Vorenberg, Michael. “Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Black Colonization.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 14, no. 2 (1993): 22–45.Google Scholar

Waldinger, Roger. The Cross-Border Connection: Immigrants, Emigrants, and Their Homelands. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Wayne, Michael. “The Black Population of Canada West on the Eve of the American Civil War: A Reassessment Based on the Manuscript Census of 1861.” Social History/Histoire Sociale 28, no. 56 (1995): 465–485.Google Scholar

Weiner, Dana Elizabeth. Race and Rights: Fighting Slavery and Prejudice in the Old Northwest,1830–1870. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

White, Arthur O. “Prince Saunders: An Instance of Social Mobility Among Antebellum New England Blacks.” Journal of Negro History 60, no. 4 (October 1975): 526–535.Google Scholar

White, Ashli. Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

White, Shane. Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770–1810. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Whitfield, Harvey Amani. Blacks on the Border: The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815–1860. Burlington: University of Vermont Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Wigmore, Gregory. “Before the Railroad: From Slavery to Freedom in the Canadian–American Borderland.” Journal of American History 98, no. 2 (September 2011): 437–454.Google Scholar

Wilson, Henry. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America. Vol. 2. Boston, MA: James R. Osgood, 1874.Google Scholar

Winks, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada: A History. 2nd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Winsboro, Irvin D. S. and Knetsch, Joe. “Florida Slaves, the ‘Saltwater Railroad’ to the Bahamas, and Anglo-American Diplomacy.” Journal of Southern History 79, no. 1 (February 2013): 51–78.Google Scholar

Wong, Edlie L. Neither Fugitive nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel. New York: New York University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Knopf, 1974.Google Scholar

Yingling, Charlton W. “No One Who Reads the History of Hayti Can Doubt the Capacity of Colored Men: Racial Formation and Atlantic Rehabilitation in New York City’s Early Black Press, 1827–1841.” Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 11, no. 2 (2013): 314–348.Google Scholar

Young, Jeffrey Robert. Domesticating Slavery: The Master Class in Georgia and South Carolina, 1670–1837. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Zboray, Ronald J. A Fictive People: Antebellum Economic Development and the American Reading Public. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Zorn, Roman J. “Criminal Extradition Menaces the Canadian Haven for Fugitive Slaves, 1841–1861.” Canadian Historical Review 38, no. 4 (December 1957): 284–294.Google Scholar