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2 - Shigella invasion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2009

By
Chihiro Sasakawa
Edited by
Richard J. Lamont
Chihiro Sasakawa
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Richard J. Lamont
Affiliation:
University of Florida
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Summary

INVASION

Shigella invasion and the host inflammatory responses

Shigella cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), a disease provoking a severe inflammatory diarrhea in humans and primates. In tropical areas of developing countries, shigellosis is endemic and a major killer of children under 5 years of age. Shigellosis occurs following ingestion of a very small number (100–1000) of bacteria, thus permitting easy spread of the disease by person-to-person contact as well as by the drinking of contaminated water.

Shigella, a Gram-negative bacillus, comprises four species – S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei (Pupo et al., 2000; Lan and Reeves, 2002). Shigella is now recognized as a member of Escherichia coli; however, the group of bacteria causing shigellosis is idiomatically called Shigella in this chapter. Shigellosis is also caused by enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), a pathogenic E. coli. Shigella and EIEC possess a large 210- to 230-kb plasmid on which the major virulence functions are encoded. Because Shigella has neither adhesins for upper GI tract cells nor flagella, after infection by means of the fecal–oral route the bacteria reach the colon and rectum directly, where they translocate through the epithelial barrier by means of the M cells overlaying the solitary lymphoid nodules (Fig. 2.1; also see Wassef et al., 1989; Sansonetti et al., 1991, 1996). Once they have reached the underlying M cells, Shigella infect the resident macrophages and multiply.

Type
Chapter
Information
Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells , pp. 25 - 58
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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  • Shigella invasion
    • By Chihiro Sasakawa, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
  • Edited by Richard J. Lamont, University of Florida
  • Book: Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546273.004
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  • Shigella invasion
    • By Chihiro Sasakawa, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
  • Edited by Richard J. Lamont, University of Florida
  • Book: Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546273.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Shigella invasion
    • By Chihiro Sasakawa, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
  • Edited by Richard J. Lamont, University of Florida
  • Book: Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546273.004
Available formats
×