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2 - CD1 and nonpeptide antigen recognition systems in microbial immunity

from Part I - Recognition of bacteria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2009

By
Kayvan R. Niazi ,
Steven A. Porcelli  and
Robert L. Modlin
Edited by
Brian Henderson  and
Petra C. F. Oyston
Kayvan R. Niazi
Affiliation:
Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Steven A. Porcelli
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Robert L. Modlin
Affiliation:
Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Brian Henderson
Affiliation:
University College London
Petra C. F. Oyston
Affiliation:
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Until recently, it was generally believed that proteins encoded within the MHC (or major histocompatibility complex) locus carry out the majority of the immunologically relevant antigen presentation functions necessary to alert the immune system to pathogenic or oncogenic challenges. This notion was initially based on the identification of the MHC as the critical genetic locus involved in tissue graft rejection. Genetic and immunological studies identified the protein products of two distinct families of genes called MHC I and MHC II as being responsible for graft rejection. Additional studies demonstrated that the primary role of these proteins is to signal the immune system to respond to invading pathogens through the presentation of peptide fragments derived from endogenous and exogenous protein sources to different classes of T lymphocytes. Thus, two distinct pathways of peptide antigen presentation for the detection of invading intracellular and extracellular pathogens (or pathogens which reside in intracellular vacuoles) by MHC I and MHC II, respectively, were identified and investigated. The role of the key cell population, the dendritic cell, in antigen presentation has been described in Chapter 1. In the past ten years, however, a new paradigm in immunology has emerged whereby nonpeptide lipid antigens are presented to T cells by the MHC-related protein, CD1.

EVOLUTION OF CD1

The human CD1 (hCD1) polypeptides are members of a family of glycoproteins that are conserved throughout mammalian evolution and were initially identified as thymocyte differentiation antigens (Porcelli and Modlin, 1999).

Type
Chapter
Information
Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses , pp. 21 - 38
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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References

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  • CD1 and nonpeptide antigen recognition systems in microbial immunity
    • By Kayvan R. Niazi, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Steven A. Porcelli, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Robert L. Modlin, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
  • Edited by Brian Henderson, University College London, Petra C. F. Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury
  • Book: Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses
  • Online publication: 13 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546266.003
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  • CD1 and nonpeptide antigen recognition systems in microbial immunity
    • By Kayvan R. Niazi, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Steven A. Porcelli, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Robert L. Modlin, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
  • Edited by Brian Henderson, University College London, Petra C. F. Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury
  • Book: Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses
  • Online publication: 13 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546266.003
Available formats
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  • CD1 and nonpeptide antigen recognition systems in microbial immunity
    • By Kayvan R. Niazi, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Steven A. Porcelli, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Robert L. Modlin, Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
  • Edited by Brian Henderson, University College London, Petra C. F. Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury
  • Book: Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses
  • Online publication: 13 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546266.003
Available formats
×