This chapter explores how artificial intelligence has enabled the automation of customer service in private industry, such as through online tools that assist customers in purchasing airline tickets, troubleshoot internet outages, and provide personal banking services. Private industry has used machine learning, as well as other forms of artificial intelligence, to develop chatbots and virtual assistants, which can respond to conversational oral or text-based commands. These tools have rapidly become standard customer service vehicles. Recent developments suggest that automated customer service, such as large language models, will become even more sophisticated in the future.