Australia’s African policies under Whitlam and Fraser had more in common than either would perhaps care to admit and that Mr Fraser’s policies in the period under review draw heavily on the legacies of the Whitlam era. Perhaps even more uncomfortably for Mr Fraser, his African policies give force to T.B. Millar’s view that his major successes in the field of foreign affairs have ’been on the groundwork laid for him by Mr Whitlam’. Given such assertions it is necessary to commence this chapter with a brief review of the 1972–75 period in order to establish exactly what were these legacies in the African context.