Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T20:16:15.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - The Vicissitudes of Positivism during the Early Empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2010

Mary Pickering
Affiliation:
San José State University, California
Get access

Summary

A single dissidence suffices for the mind to render sterile the greatest conformity of opinions, whereas the heart easily overcomes serious divergences because of the existence of a similar sentiment pushing toward a common goal.

Comte, “Deuxième Circulaire annuelle,” March 24, 1851

NEW DISCIPLES DURING THE EMPIRE

Under the Empire, the Positivist Society suffered from defections and slow growth. Meetings were dull because only Comte spoke for fear of being contradicted. Robinet and Magnin, who were among Comte's most loyal disciples, were adversaries of the Empire and tried to be diplomatic. No one felt free to discuss anything. Dr. René Cousin and Lefort were the only new members in 1852. There were two new members in 1853, one in 1854, three in 1855, and one in 1856. The new members under the Empire came from all walks of life, from professions such as law and medicine to the artisanal workforce. But it would be a mistake to judge the success of positivism solely by the membership of the Positivist Society. Positivism continued to attract numerous sympathizers with various degrees of adherence to all its principles. Indeed, the number of contributors to the Positivist Subsidy began to rise. Its subscribers included some workers, who after laboring for fifteen to sixteen hours a day, had barely enough money to feed their own families. A few women also gave to the Subsidy.

Type
Chapter
Information
Auguste Comte
An Intellectual Biography
, pp. 96 - 158
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Faure, P., “Gagneur (JUST-CHARLES-Wladimir)” and “Gagneur (MARIE-LOUISE MIGNEROT, Mme WLADIMIR),” Dictionnaire de Biographie Française, ed. Balteau, J. et al. (Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1933–), 15:48–9Google Scholar
Chairman, J. S., “Nécrologie,” La Revue Occidentale, 2d. ser., 37 (January 1908): 96Google Scholar
Hutton, Henry Dix, Comte, the Man and the Founder: Personal Recollections (London: Reeves & Turner, 1891), 12–13Google Scholar
Belhoste, Bruno, La Formation d'une technocratie: l'Ecole Polytechnique et ses élèves de la Révolution au Second Empire (Paris: Belin, 2003), 103–4Google Scholar
Hawkins, Richmond Laurin, Positivism in the United States (1853–1861) (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938), 129n1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wunderlich, Roger, Low Living and High Thinking at Modern Times New York (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992), 1Google Scholar
Guarneri, Carl J., The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth-Century America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 166, 363Google Scholar
Rippy, J. Fred, “Trist, Nicholas Philip,” in Dictionary of American Biography, ed. Malone, Dumas, 20 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928–37), 18:645–6Google Scholar
Cashdollar, Charles D., The Transformation of Theology, 1830–1890: Positivism and Protestant Thought in Britain and America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 112Google Scholar
Perry, E., “A Morning with Auguste Comte,” Nineteenth Century 9 (November 1877): 627Google Scholar
Laffitte, , ed. “49 Lettres de Pierre Laffitte à Auguste Comte (Suite),” La Revue Occidentale, 2d ser., 37 (January 1908), 45
Tjoa, Hock Guan, George Henry Lewes: A Victorian Mind (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977), 9Google Scholar
The Letters of George Henry Lewes ed. Baker, William, 2 vols. (Victoria: University of Victoria Press, 1995), 1:205
Wright, T. R., The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 55Google Scholar
Prasad, Thakur Guru, Comtism in the Novels of George Eliot (Lucknow: Hindustani Book Depot, 1968), 40Google Scholar
Haight, Gordon S., George Eliot: A Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968), 136Google Scholar
Harrison, Frederic, “Nécrologie: Georges-Henry Lewes,” La Revue Occidentale 12 (1879): 280Google Scholar
Williams, David, Mr. George Eliot: A Biography of George Henry Lewes (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1983), 43Google Scholar
Rylance, Rick, Victorian Psychology and British Culture, 1850–1880 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesse, David Maria, George Eliot and Auguste Comte: The Influence of Comtean Philosophy on the Novels of George Eliot (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996), 15, 53–5Google Scholar
Laffitte, Pierre, ed. “Matériaux pour servir à la biographie d'Auguste Comte: Des Confessions annuelles d'Auguste Comte,” La Revue Occidentale 17 (September/November 1886):192
Michelet, Jules, Jeanne d'Arc (Paris, 1853), viiiGoogle Scholar
Magnin, Fabien, speech, September 5, 1878, in “Le Vingt-et-unième Anniversaire de la mort d'Auguste Comte,” La Revue Occidentale 1 (1878):661Google Scholar
Foucart, Paul, “Nécrologie: Antoine Etex,” La Revue Occidentale 21 (September 1888): 210Google Scholar
Etex, Antoine, Les Souvenirs d'un artiste (Paris, E. Dentu, 1877), 266Google Scholar
Hoecker-Drysdale, Susan, Harriet Martineau:First Woman Sociologist (Oxford: Berg, 1992), 91n7Google Scholar
Webb, R. K., Harriet Martineau: A Radical Victorian (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960), 14Google Scholar
Bain, Alexander, Autobiography (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1904), 240Google Scholar
Jacobs, Jo Ellen, The Voice of Harriet Taylor Mill (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), 76Google Scholar
Capaldi, Nicholas, John Stuart Mill: A Biography (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packe, Michael St. John, The Life of John Stuart Mill (London: Secker and Warburg, 1954), 236, 321Google Scholar
Bray, Charles and Hennell, Sara Sophia, June 2, 1852, in The George Eliot Letters, ed. Haight, Gordon S., 9 vols. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954–5), 2:32Google Scholar
Sanders, Valerie, Reason over Passion: Harriet Martineau and the Victorian Novel (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986), 106–7Google Scholar
Hoecker-Drysdale, Susan, “Harriet Martineau,”in The Blackwell Companion to Major Social Theorists, ed. Ritzer, George (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000)Google Scholar
Martineau, Harriet, Autobiography, ed. Chapman, Marian Weston, 2 vols. (Boston: James R. Osgood, 1877), 2:51, 57Google Scholar
Wheatley, Vera, The Life and Work of Harriet Martineau (Fair Lawn, New Jersey: Essential Books, 1957), 315Google Scholar
Nevill, John Cranstoun, Harriet Martineau (Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Library Editions, 1973), 101Google Scholar
Martineau, , preface to The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte (London: John Chapman, 1853), 2 vols., 1:viGoogle Scholar
Harrison, Frederic, introduction to The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte, ed. Martineau, Harriet (London, 1896), 1: xiiiGoogle Scholar
Sussman, Henry, Harriet Martineau (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985), 73Google Scholar
Rossi, Alice, ed. The Feminist Papers: From Adams to de Beauvoir (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1973), 118
Yates, Gayle Graham, Harriet Martineau on Women (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1985), 15Google Scholar
Arbuckle, Elisabeth Sanders, ed., Harriet Martineau in the London Daily News (New York: Garland, 1994), 217
Wedgwood, Fanny, April 11, 1853, in Harriet Martineau: Selected Letters, ed. Sanders, Valerie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 124Google Scholar
Peterson, Linda H., “Harriet Martineau, Masculine Discourse, Female Sage,” Victorian Sages and Cultural Discourse: Renegotiating Gender and Power, ed. Morgan, Thaïs (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 174Google Scholar
Martineau, Harriet, “On Edward Lombe, Translating Auguste Comte, and Liberal English Press: A Previously Unpublished Letter,” ed. Hill, Michael R., Sociological Origins 3 (Spring 2005): 100–101Google Scholar
Wedgwood, Fanny, November 13, 1851 in Harriet Martineau's Letters to Fanny Wedgwood, ed. Arbuckle, Elisabeth Sanders (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983), 121Google Scholar
Pichanick, Valeri Kossew, Harriet Martineau: The Woman and Her Work, 1802–76 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1980), 193Google Scholar
[Call, Wathen Mark Wilks and Chapman, John], “The Religion of Positivism,” Westminster Review, n.s., 13 (April 1858), 305–50Google Scholar
Easley, Alexis, “Harriet Martineau and the Woman Question,” in Victorian Women Writers and the Woman Question, ed. Thompson, Nicola Diane (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 80–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laffitte, Pierre, ed. “Matériaux pour servir à la biographie d'Auguste Comte: Correspondance de M. E. Rigolage avec M. Littré et Mme Comte,” La Revue Occidentale, 2d ser., 22 (1901): 262–6
Godwin, Parke, “Editorial Notes,” Putnam's Monthly Magazine, December 1853, 683Google Scholar
Godwin, Parke, “Editorial Notes,” Putnam's Monthly Magazine, February 1854, 224Google Scholar
Spencer, Herbert, “The Genesis of Science,” British Quarterly Review 20 (July 1854): 108–62Google Scholar
[Huxley, Thomas], “Contemporary Literature: Science,” Westminster Review, n.s., 5 (January 1854): 255Google Scholar
[Congreve, Richard], “Comte's Positive Philosophy,” Westminster Review, n.s., 6 (July 1854): 194Google Scholar
Comte, Auguste, Cours de Philosophie Positive, 1, 2d ed. (Paris: Borrani et Drox, 1852), 504Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×