Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARCTIC AIR POLLUTION
- Part 1 Composition, source areas and transport pathways
- Part 2 Local, regional, global, ecological and climatic implications
- Light-absorbing combustion-generated particles over reflecting polar ice
- Arctic haze and the radiation balance
- The International Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program
- The arctic haze–arctic cloud connection
- The importance of arctic haze for the energy budget of the Arctic
- The Barrow aerosol record, 1976–1984
- Past and present chemistry of north and south polar snow
- Future chemical measurements in the Arctic atmosphere
- Part 3 Health and ecological issues
- Part 4 International cooperation and state responsibility
- 5 Conclusions
- Index
Arctic haze and the radiation balance
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARCTIC AIR POLLUTION
- Part 1 Composition, source areas and transport pathways
- Part 2 Local, regional, global, ecological and climatic implications
- Light-absorbing combustion-generated particles over reflecting polar ice
- Arctic haze and the radiation balance
- The International Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program
- The arctic haze–arctic cloud connection
- The importance of arctic haze for the energy budget of the Arctic
- The Barrow aerosol record, 1976–1984
- Past and present chemistry of north and south polar snow
- Future chemical measurements in the Arctic atmosphere
- Part 3 Health and ecological issues
- Part 4 International cooperation and state responsibility
- 5 Conclusions
- Index
Summary
ABSTRACT. Airborne measurements of the absorption rate of solar radiation by arctic haze indicate atmospheric heating rates of 0.15 to 0.25 Kday−1 (24 hr weighted averages) at latitudes between 72.6° and 74°N in early spring (15 March—4 April 1983). Haze interacts with solar radiation to alter the radiative balance of the atmosphere– surface system, generally resulting in more solar energy being absorbed by the atmosphere and less by ground, ice or water. Planetary albedo is also affected, increasing for haze over water and decreasing for haze over ice. Haze interaction with infrared (planetary) radiation has not been measured, though the infrared component represents a most important contribution to overall energy balance. Calculations provide some information, but experimental evidence is needed both to validate the calculations and because of the enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases measured in the haze layers. Cumulative deposition of black carbon over the surface produces a change in optical properties of the ice, which may result in increased surface temperatures and accelerating ice melt. To evaluate its consequences, experimental evidence of the magnitude of this effect is needed. An extended monitoring program is suggested. Climatic effects of changes in energy budget depend on spatial and temporal properties of the haze layers, which need to be examined more thoroughly.
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- Arctic Air Pollution , pp. 121 - 134Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1987
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