Book contents
- Frontmatter
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 On learning languages in general
- 2 The nature of Arabic and the character of this course
- 3 Arabic script (13); The alphabet (14–17); Roots and patterns (18); Layout and punctuation (19)
- 4 The families B, J, D and R
- 5 The families S and thick S/T
- 6 The families ‘/F and K
- 7 The orphans and rejects
- 8 The vowels in Arabic: Short vowels (44–5); Diphthongs (46); Long vowels (47–8); Stress (49)
- 9 A final review of sounds and signs: Hamza (53); Madda (54); Wasla (55); Shadda (56); Bound-t (57); Names of consonants (58); Names of vowels (59)
- 10 Standard Verb in māḍī (62–7); Standard Noun (68–73)
- 11 Plurals (75–6); Sentence types: Verbal Sentence (77–8); Nominal Sentences (79–80); Nominal Absolutes (81); Summary of points (82)
- 12 Agreement (83–5); The Construct (86–8)
- 13 Standard Verb in muḍari' (91–3); Independent personal pronouns (94–5); Attached personal pronouns (96–8)
- 14 Sound Plurals (100–2); Dual nouns (103); Subjunctive and Jussive modifications of muḍāri' (104–6); Ambiguities in endings alif, -W, -Y, and -T (107)
- 15 Diptotes (109–10); Demonstratives (111–13); Imperatives (114–15); Participles and maṣdars
- 16 Derived Form II (121–2); Derived Form III (123–4); Derived Form IV (125–6)
- 17 Derived Form V (128–9); Derived Form VI (130–1); Wāw of Circumstance (132); Negatives (133–7)
- 18 Derived Form VII (139); Derived Form VIII (140); Derived Form X (141–2); Positive time-indicators (143)
- 19 Passives (145–6); Plurals of four-consonant nouns (147); Nouns of Time and Place (148); Nouns of Instrument (149)
- 20 Conditional and Quasi-Conditional Sentences (151–7); Colours and Defects (158); Elatives (159–60)
- 21 Minor peculiarities in verbs (162–5); Peculiar common nouns (166); Some essential distinctions (167)
- 22 Hollow Roots: Māḍī and muḍāri' of Form I (169–72)
- 23 Hollow Roots: Participles 1 (174); Maṣdar I (175); Forms II, III, V and VI (176)
- 24 Hollow Roots: Forms VII and VIII (178); Forms IV and X (179); Hollow Passives (180)
- 25 Weak Roots: General (182); Māḍī 1 (183); Muḍāri' I (184–5); Active Participles I (186); Passive Participles I (187); Miscellaneous noun-patterns (weak) I (188)
- 26 Weak Roots: Derived Forms in general (190); Form II (191); Form III (192); Form IV (193)
- 27 Weak Roots: Form V (195); Form VI (196); Form VII (197); Form VIII (198); Form X (199); Weak Passives (200)
- 28 Roots with multiple peculiarities (202–3); Cardinal numbers in combination (205); Government of cardinals (206); Polarity in cardinals (207); Cardinals 3–10 (208); 11–19 (209); 20 upwards (210); Ordinals, units and whole tens (211); Ordinals 11–19 (212); Fractions (213); Basic roots (215)
- Postscript
- Texts and analyses
- Vocabulary
20 - Conditional and Quasi-Conditional Sentences (151–7); Colours and Defects (158); Elatives (159–60)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 On learning languages in general
- 2 The nature of Arabic and the character of this course
- 3 Arabic script (13); The alphabet (14–17); Roots and patterns (18); Layout and punctuation (19)
- 4 The families B, J, D and R
- 5 The families S and thick S/T
- 6 The families ‘/F and K
- 7 The orphans and rejects
- 8 The vowels in Arabic: Short vowels (44–5); Diphthongs (46); Long vowels (47–8); Stress (49)
- 9 A final review of sounds and signs: Hamza (53); Madda (54); Wasla (55); Shadda (56); Bound-t (57); Names of consonants (58); Names of vowels (59)
- 10 Standard Verb in māḍī (62–7); Standard Noun (68–73)
- 11 Plurals (75–6); Sentence types: Verbal Sentence (77–8); Nominal Sentences (79–80); Nominal Absolutes (81); Summary of points (82)
- 12 Agreement (83–5); The Construct (86–8)
- 13 Standard Verb in muḍari' (91–3); Independent personal pronouns (94–5); Attached personal pronouns (96–8)
- 14 Sound Plurals (100–2); Dual nouns (103); Subjunctive and Jussive modifications of muḍāri' (104–6); Ambiguities in endings alif, -W, -Y, and -T (107)
- 15 Diptotes (109–10); Demonstratives (111–13); Imperatives (114–15); Participles and maṣdars
- 16 Derived Form II (121–2); Derived Form III (123–4); Derived Form IV (125–6)
- 17 Derived Form V (128–9); Derived Form VI (130–1); Wāw of Circumstance (132); Negatives (133–7)
- 18 Derived Form VII (139); Derived Form VIII (140); Derived Form X (141–2); Positive time-indicators (143)
- 19 Passives (145–6); Plurals of four-consonant nouns (147); Nouns of Time and Place (148); Nouns of Instrument (149)
- 20 Conditional and Quasi-Conditional Sentences (151–7); Colours and Defects (158); Elatives (159–60)
- 21 Minor peculiarities in verbs (162–5); Peculiar common nouns (166); Some essential distinctions (167)
- 22 Hollow Roots: Māḍī and muḍāri' of Form I (169–72)
- 23 Hollow Roots: Participles 1 (174); Maṣdar I (175); Forms II, III, V and VI (176)
- 24 Hollow Roots: Forms VII and VIII (178); Forms IV and X (179); Hollow Passives (180)
- 25 Weak Roots: General (182); Māḍī 1 (183); Muḍāri' I (184–5); Active Participles I (186); Passive Participles I (187); Miscellaneous noun-patterns (weak) I (188)
- 26 Weak Roots: Derived Forms in general (190); Form II (191); Form III (192); Form IV (193)
- 27 Weak Roots: Form V (195); Form VI (196); Form VII (197); Form VIII (198); Form X (199); Weak Passives (200)
- 28 Roots with multiple peculiarities (202–3); Cardinal numbers in combination (205); Government of cardinals (206); Polarity in cardinals (207); Cardinals 3–10 (208); 11–19 (209); 20 upwards (210); Ordinals, units and whole tens (211); Ordinals 11–19 (212); Fractions (213); Basic roots (215)
- Postscript
- Texts and analyses
- Vocabulary
Summary
151. Conditional Sentences in general. Conditional Sentences are those which cause a particular statement or command to depend on the fulfilment of a given condition: “If you lay by one dollar per week, you will have over $500 at the end of ten years”; “If you see anything strange, shoot first and ask questions afterwards!”; “If I had not known he was a criminal, I should have felt inclined to believe what he was saying.” Such sentences can often become complex, with one or more inset clauses dependent on the main ones; they may contain negative and affirmative elements indiscriminately; they may range from likelihood, through mere possibility, to outright hypotheticality and absurdity; they can often express the condition by other words than “if” (“had I known…, were it not for the fact that…, assuming that…”, etc.); and they may place the clause setting the condition (the Protasis) after the consequential statement or command (the Apodosis). In many languages, but only to a very limited extent in modern English, Conditional Sentences need special consideration as regards structure, particularly in the matter of tenses.
152. Conditional Sentences in Arabic. Most of the foregoing remarks apply to the case of Arabic, with one exception: in Arabic the Protasis (sharṭ, lit. “condition”) must practically always precede the Apodosis (jawāb, lit. “answer, response”). Three special points need attention in Arabic Conditional Sentences: the particle used for “if”; the Aspect of the verb employed; and the introduction of the jawāb, by fa- or in some other way.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Arabic GrammarA First Workbook, pp. 76 - 79Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1980