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3 - Does locality fail at intermediate length scales?

from Part I - Fundamental ideas and general formalisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2009

Daniele Oriti
Affiliation:
Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Summary

Assuming that “quantum spacetime” is fundamentally discrete, how might this discreteness show itself? Some of its potential effects are more evident, others less so. The atomic and molecular structure of ordinary matter influences the propagation of both waves and particles in a material medium. Classically, particles can be deflected by collisions and also retarded in their motion, giving rise in particular to viscosity and Brownian motion. In the case of spatio-temporal discreteness, viscosity is excluded by Lorentz symmetry, but fluctuating deviations from rectilinear motion are still possible. Such “swerves” have been described in and. They depend (for a massive particle) on a single phenomenological parameter, essentially a diffusion constant in velocity space. As far as I know, the corresponding analysis for a quantal particle with mass has not been carried out yet, but for massless quanta such as photons the diffusion equation of can be adapted to say something, and it then describes fluctuations of both energy and polarization (but not of direction), as well as a secular “reddening” (or its opposite). A more complete quantal story, however, would require that particles be treated as wave packets, raising the general question of how spatiotemporal discreteness affects the propagation of waves. Here, the analogy with a material medium suggests effects such as scattering and extinction, as well as possible nonlinear effects. Further generalization to a “second-quantized field” might have more dramatic, if less obvious, consequences.

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Approaches to Quantum Gravity
Toward a New Understanding of Space, Time and Matter
, pp. 26 - 43
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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