Coates, Peter A.Nature: Western Attitudes since Ancient Times. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Delort, Robert, and Walter, F., Histoire de l’environnement européen. Paris: PUF, 2001.Google Scholar

Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, and Haberl, H., ‘Tons, Joules, and Money: Modes of Production and their Sustainability Problems’, Society and Natural Resources, 10 (1997), 61–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, and Weisz, Helga. ‘Society as Hybrid between Material and Symbolic Realms: Toward a Theoretical Framework of Society–Nature Interactions’, Advances in Human Ecology, 8 (1999), 215–51.Google Scholar

Haberl, Helmut, Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, Krausmann, Fridolin, Weisz, Helga, and Winiwarter, Verena, ‘Progress towards Sustainability? What the Conceptual Framework of Material and Energy Flow Accounting (MEFA) Can Offer’, Land Use Policy, 21 (2004), 199–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, J. Donald. What is Environmental History?Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Linehan, Peter, and Nelson, Janet L., eds. The Medieval World. London and New York: Routledge, 2001.

McNeill, John R. ‘Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History’, History and Theory, 42 (2003), 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pounds, Norman. An Historical Geography of Europe, 2 vols. Cambridge University Press, 1973–79.Google Scholar

Simmons, Ian G.Interpreting Nature: Critical Constructions of the Environment. London: Routledge, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Simmons, Ian G.Global Environmental History 10,000 bc to ad 2000. Edinburgh University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winiwarter, Verena. ‘Approaches to Environmental History: a Field Guide to its Concepts’, in Laszlovszky, Jószef and Szabó, Péter, eds., People and Nature in Historical Perspective, 3–22. Budapest: Central European University, Department of Medieval Studies, and Archaeolingua, 2003.Google Scholar

Winiwarter, Verena, and Knoll, Martin. Umweltgeschichte. Eine Einführung. Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau, 2007.Google Scholar

Worster, Donald, ed. The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History. Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Grove, A. T., and Rackham, Oliver. The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: an Ecological History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Horden, P., and Purcell, N., The Corrupting Sea: a Study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.Google Scholar

Hughes, J. Donald. Pan’s Travail: Environmental Problems of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Robinson, Thomas M., and Westra, Laura, eds. Thinking about the Environment: Our Debt to the Classical and Medieval Past. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2002.

Sallares, Robert. Malaria and Rome: a History of Malaria in Ancient Italy. Oxford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shipley, Graham, and Salmon, John, eds. Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity: Environment and Culture. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Stoddart, Simon, ed. Landscapes from Antiquity. Antiquity Papers 1. Cambridge: Antiquity Publications, 2000.

White, K. D.Roman Farming. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Whittaker, C. R., ed. Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge Philological Society, Supplementary Volume 14. Cambridge Philological Society, 1988.

Catteddu, Isabelle. Archéologie médiévale en France. Le premier Moyen Âge (Ve–XIe siècle). Paris: La Découverte, 2009.Google Scholar

Cheyette, Frederic L. ‘The Disappearance of the Ancient Landscape and the Climatic Anomaly of the Early Middle Ages: a Question to be Pursued’, Early Medieval Europe, 16 (2008), 127–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, Jennifer R., and McCormick, Michael, eds. The Long Morning of Medieval Europe: New Directions in Early Medieval Studies. Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008.

Hamerow, Helena. Early Medieval Settlements: the Archaeology of Rural Communities in North-west Europe, 400–900. Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Hooke, D.The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England. Leicester University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Little, Lester K., ed., Plague and the End of Antiquity: the Pandemic of 541–750. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

McCormick, Michael. Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, ad300–900. Cambridge University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

McCormick, Michael, Büntgen, Ulf, Cane, Mark A., et al. ‘Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 43 (2012), 169–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Quirós Castillo, J. A., ed. The Archaeology of Early Medieval Villages in Europe. Documentos de arqueología e historia 1. N.p.: Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 2009.

Sonnlechner, Christoph. ‘The Establishment of New Units of Production in Carolingian Times: Making Early Medieval Sources Relevant for Environmental History,’ Viator, 35 (2004), 21–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Squatriti, Paolo. Water and Society in Early Medieval Italy, ad400–1000. Cambridge University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Squatriti, Paolo.Landscape and Change in Early Medieval Italy: Chestnuts, Economy, and Culture. Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

van der Leeuw, Sander, Favory, François, and Girardot, Jean-Jacques. ‘The Archaeological Study of Environmental Degradation: an Example from Southeastern France’, in Redman, Charles L., James, S. R., Fish, P. R., and Rogers, J. D., eds., The Archaeology of Global Change: the Impact of Humans on their Environment, 112–29. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2004.Google Scholar

Ward-Perkins, Bryan. The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization. Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Wickham, Chris. Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400–800. Oxford University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Magnus, Albertus. ‘On Animals’: a Medieval ‘Summa Zoologica’, tr. Kitchell, Jr. Kenneth F. and Resnick, Irven M.. 2 vols. Foundations of Natural History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Bratton, Susan P.Christianity, Wilderness, and Wildlife: the Original Desert Solitaire. University of Scranton Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Bratton, Susan P.Environmental Values in Christian Art. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Cohen, Jeremy. ‘Be Fertile and Increase, Fill the Earth and Master it’: the Ancient and Medieval Career of a Biblical Text. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Cunningham, Andrew. The Identity of the History of Science and Medicine. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012.Google Scholar

Dutton, Paul E.Charlemagne’s Mustache and Other Cultural Clusters of a Dark Age. New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, Steven A.The Medieval Discovery of Nature. Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Filotas, Bernadette. Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2005.Google Scholar

Fumagalli, V.Landscapes of Fear: Perceptions of Nature and the City in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Polity Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Glacken, Clarence. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.Google Scholar

Gurevich, A.Medieval Popular Culture: Problems of Belief and Perception, tr. Bak, J. and Hollingsworth, P.. Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Herlihy, David. ‘Attitudes toward the Environment in Medieval Society’, in Bilsky, Lester J., ed., Historical Ecology: Essays on Environment and Social Change, 100–16. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Houwen, L. A. J. R., ed. Animals and the Symbolic in Mediaeval Art and Literature. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1997.

Kleinschmidt, Harald. ‘Space, Body, Action: the Significance of Perceptions in the Study of Environmental History of Early Medieval Europe’, Medieval History Journal, 3 (2000), 175–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, Miri, ed. Medieval Christianity in Practice. Princeton University Press, 2009.

Salisbury, Joyce E.The Beast Within: Animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar

Salisbury, Joyce E., ed. The Medieval World of Nature: a Book of Essays. New York: Garland, 1993.

Santmire, H. P.The Travail of Nature: the Ambiguous Ecological Promise of Christian Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.Google Scholar

Sievers, Alfred K.Strange Beauty: Ecocritical Approaches to Early Medieval Landscape. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sorrell, R.St Francis of Assisi and Nature: Tradition and Innovation in Western Christian Attitudes toward the Environment. Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Thomas, Keith. Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500–1800. London: Allen Lane, 1983.Google Scholar

White, Lynn T. ‘The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis’, Science, March 10 1967. Reprinted in White, Machina ex Deo: Essays in the Dynamism of Western Culture, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968: and in White, Dynamo and Virgin Reconsidered, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971 (and later editions).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Whitney, E. ‘Lynn White, Ecotheology, and History’, Environmental Ethics, 15 (1993), 151–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abbé, Jean-Loup. A la conquête des étangs. L’aménagement de l’espace en Languedoc méditerranéen (xiie–xve siècle). Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 2006.Google Scholar

Arnold, Ellen F.Negotiating the Landscape: Environment and Monastic Identity in the Medieval Ardennes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barceló, Miquel, and Sigaut, François, eds. The Making of Feudal Agricultures?Leiden: Brill, 2004.

Bavel, Bas. Manors and Markets: Economy and Society in the Low Countries, 500–1600. Oxford University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bertrand, G. ‘Pour une histoire écologique de la France rurale’, in Duby, G. and Wallon, A., eds., Histoire de la France rurale, i: La formation des compagnes françaises des origines au xive siècle, 34–118. Paris: Seuil, 1975.Google Scholar

Bloch, Marc. French Rural History: an Essay on its Basic Characteristics, tr. Sondheimer, J.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.Google Scholar

Bourin, M., and Boisselier, S., eds. L’espace rurale au Moyen Âge. Portugal, Espagne, France (xiie–xive siècle). Mélanges en l’honneur de Robert Durand. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2002.CrossRef

Durand, A.Les paysages médiévaux du Languedoc (xe–xiiie siècles). Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1998.Google Scholar

Gardiner, Mark, and Rippon, Stephen, eds. Medieval Landscapes. Macclesfield: Windgather Press, 2007.

Glick, Thomas F.Irrigation and Society in Medieval Valencia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glick, Thomas F.Irrigation and Hydraulic Technology: Medieval Spain and its Legacy. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT: Variorium, 1996.Google Scholar

Green, S. W. ‘The Agricultural Colonization of Temperate Forest Habitats: an Ecological Model’, in Savage, Jr. W. W. and Thompson, S., eds., The Frontier: Comparative Studies, vol. , 69–103. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.Google Scholar

Hoffmann, Richard C.Land, Liberties, and Lordship in a Late Medieval Countryside: Agrarian Structures and Change in the Duchy of Wrocław. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howe, John. ‘The Conversion of the Physical World: the Creation of a Christian Landscape’, in Muldoon, J., ed., Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages, 63–78. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997.Google Scholar

Rackham, Oliver. The History of the Countryside. London: Dent, 1986 (and later editions).Google Scholar

Rippon, Stephen. The Transformation of Coastal Wetlands: Exploitation and Management of Marshland Landscapes in North West Europe during the Roman and Medieval Periods. Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Sereni, E.History of the Italian Agricultural Landscape, tr. Litchfield, R. Burr. Princeton University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Squatriti, Paolo. ‘Digging Ditches in Early Medieval Europe’, Past and Present, 176 (August 2002), 11–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

TeBrake, W.Medieval Frontier: Culture and Ecology in Rijnland. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Watson, A.Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: the Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques. Cambridge University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

White, Lynn T.Medieval Technology and Social Change. Oxford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Williamson, Tom. Shaping Medieval Landscapes: Settlement, Society, Environment. Macclesfield: Windgather Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Alfonso Anton, Isabel, ed. The Medieval Countryside, vol. I. The Rural History of Medieval European Societies: Trends and Perspectives. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007.CrossRef

Almond, Richard. Medieval Hunting. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.Google Scholar

Bavel, Bas J. P., and Thoen, Erik, eds. Land Productivity and Agro-systems in the North Sea Area: Middle Ages–20th Century. Turnhout: Brepols, 1999.

Bechmann, R.Trees and Man: the Forest in the Middle Ages, tr. Duncan, K.. New York: Random House, 1990.Google Scholar

Beck, Corinne. Les eaux et forêts en Bourgogne ducale (vers 1350–vers 1480). Société et biodiversité. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2008.Google Scholar

Bork, Hans-Rudolf, Bork, Helga, Dalchow, Claus, Faust, Berno, Piorr, Hans-Peter, and Schatz, Thomas. Landschaftsentwicklung in Mitteleuropa: Wirkung des Menschen auf Landschaften. Gotha and Stuttgart: Klett-Perthes, 1998.Google Scholar

Campbell, Bruce M. S., and Overton, Mark, eds. Land, Labour, and Livestock: Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity. Manchester University Press, 1991.

Cooter, W. S. ‘Ecological Dimensions of Medieval Agrarian Systems’, Agricultural History, 52 (1978), 458–77 (with responses by R. S. Loomis and J. A. Raftis, 478–87).Google Scholar

Dam, Petra J. E. M.. ‘Sinking Peat Bogs: Environmental Change in Holland, 1350–1550’, Environmental History, 6 (2001), 32–45.Google ScholarPubMed

Duceppe-Lamarre, François. Chasse et pâturage dans les forêts du nord de la France. Pour une archéologie du paysage sylvestre (xie–xvie siècles). Paris: L’Harmattan, 2006.Google Scholar

Fox, H. S. A. ‘Some Ecological Dimensions of Medieval Field Systems’, in Biddick, K., ed., Archaeological Approaches to Medieval Europe, 119–58. Studies in Medieval Culture 18. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, 1984.Google Scholar

Hatcher, John., and Bailey, Mark. Modelling the Middle Ages: the History and Theory of England’s Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoffmann, Richard C. ‘Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe’, American Historical Review, 101 (1996), 631–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keyser, Richard. ‘The Transformation of Traditional Woodland Management: Commercial Sylviculture in Medieval Champagne’, French Historical Studies, 32 (2009), 353–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNeill, John R., and Winiwarter, Verena, eds. Soils and Societies: Perspectives from Environmental History. Stroud: White Horse Press, 2006.

Pluskowski, Aleksander. Wolves and the Wilderness in the Middle Ages. Rochester, NY, and Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 2006.Google Scholar

Pretty, J. ‘Sustainable Agriculture in the Middle Ages on the English Manor’, Agricultural History Review, 38 (1990), 1–19.Google Scholar

Rackham, O.Ancient Woodland: Its History, Vegetation and Uses in England. London: E. Arnold, 1980.Google Scholar

Semmler, Josef, ed. Der Wald im Mittelalter und Renaissance. Studia Humaniora, Düsseldorfer Studien zu Mittelalter und Renaissance 17. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1991.

Sweeney, Del, ed. Agriculture in the Middle Ages: Technology, Practice, and Representation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.CrossRef

Vera, F. W. M.Grazing Ecology and Forest History. New York: CABI Publishing, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Woolgar, C. M., Serjeantson, D., and Waldron, T., eds. Food in Medieval England: Diet and Nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2006 [many chapters on cereals, animal husbandry, and wildlife].

Bork, Robert, ed. De Re Metallica: the Uses of Metal in the Middle Ages. AVISTA Studies in the History of Medieval Technology, Science and Art 4. Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005.

Burnouf, J.Archéologie médiévale en France. Le second Moyen Âge (xiie–xvie siècle). Paris: La Découverte, 2008.Google Scholar

Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed. Economia e energia secc. xiii–xviii: Atti della ‘Trentaquattresima Settimana di Studi’ 15–19 aprile 2002, 585–98. Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica ‘F. Datini’, Prato: Serie ii: Atti delle ‘Settimane di Studi’e altri Convegni 34. Florence: Le Monnier, 2003.

Classen, Albrecht, ed. Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.CrossRef

Durand, A., ed. Jeux d’eau. Moulins, meuniers et machines hydrauliques, xie–xxe siècle. Études offertes à Georges Comet. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2008.

Fossier, Robert, The Axe and the Oath: Ordinary Life in the Middle Ages, tr. Cochrane, Lydia G.. Princeton University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Gimpel, Jean. The Medieval Machine: the Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976; 2nd edn 1992.Google Scholar

Guillerme, André E.The Age of Water: the Urban Environment in the North of France, ad 300–1800. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Hoffmann, Richard C. ‘Frontier Foods for Late Medieval Consumers: Culture, Economy, Ecology’, Environment and History, 7 (2001), 131–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoffmann, Richard C. ‘Footprint Metaphor and Metabolic Realities: Environmental Impacts of Medieval European Cities’, in Squatriti, Paolo, ed., Natures Past: the Environment and Human History, 288–325. Comparative Studies in Society and History book series. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Jørgensen, Dolly. ‘Cooperative Sanitation: Managing Streets and Gutters in Late Medieval England and Scandinavia’, Technology and Culture, 49 (2008), 547–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jørgensen, Dolly.‘Local Government Responses to Urban River Pollution in Late Medieval England’, Water History, 2 (2010), 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Landers, John. The Field and the Forge: Population, Production, and Power in the Pre-Industrial West. Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Langdon, John. Horses, Oxen, and Technological Innovation: the Use of Draught Animals in English Farming from 1066 to 1500. Cambridge University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Langdon, John.Mills in the Medieval Economy: England, 1300–1540. Oxford University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Malanima, Paolo. Pre-Modern European Economy: One Thousand Years (10th–19th Centuries). Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Padberg, B.Die Oase aus Stein. Humanökologische Aspekte des Lebens in mittelalterlichen Städten. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1996.Google Scholar

Pleiner, Radomír. Iron in Archaeology: the European Bloomery Smelters. Prague: Archeologický Ústav AVCR, 2000.Google Scholar

Roux, Simone. Paris in the Middle Ages, tr. McNamara, Jo Ann. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Smil, Vaclav. Energy in World History. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Smith, Elizabeth B., and Wolfe, Michael, eds. Technology and Resource Use in Medieval Europe: Cathedrals, Mills and Mines. London: Ashgate, 1997.

Squatriti, Paolo, ed. Working with Water in Medieval Europe: Technology and Resource Use. Leiden: Brill, 2000.

Zupko, Ronald E., and Laures, Robert A.. Straws in the Wind: Medieval Urban Environmental Law – the Case of Northern Italy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Appuhn, Karl. A Forest on the Sea: Environmental Expertise in Renaissance Venice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Ault, Warren O.Open-Field Farming in Medieval England: a Study of Village By-laws. London: George Allen and Unwin; New York: Barnes and Noble, 1972.Google Scholar

Dahlman, C. J.The Open Field System and Beyond: a Property Rights Analysis of an Economic Institution. Cambridge University Press, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, Peter. Thinking about Property: From Antiquity to the Age of Reason. Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grant, R.The Royal Forests of England. London: Alan Sutton, 1991.Google Scholar

Kaijser, Arne. ‘System Building from Below: Institutional Change in Dutch Water Control Systems’. Technology and Culture, 43:3 (2002), 521–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reynolds, Susan. Before Eminent Domain: Toward a History of Expropriation of Land for the Common Good. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stevenson, Glenn G.Common Property Economics: a General Theory and Land Use Applications. Cambridge University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Warde, Paul. Ecology, Economy and State Formation in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wood, Diana. Medieval Economic Thought. Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arrizabalaga, J., Henderson, J., and French, R.. The Great Pox: the French Disease in Renaissance Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Benedictow, Ole J.The Black Death 1346–1353: the Complete History. Rochester, NY and Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 2004.Google Scholar

Cohn, Samuel K. ‘The Black Death: End of a Paradigm’, American Historical Review, 107 (2002), 703–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cohn, Samuel K.The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Demaitre, Luke. Leprosy in Premodern Medicine: a Malady of the Whole Body. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

French, Roger. Medicine before Science: the Rational and Learned Doctors from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haensch, Stephanie, Bianucci, Rafaella, Signoli, Michael et al. ‘Distinct Clones of Yersinia pestis Caused the Black Death’, PloS Pathogens, 6:10 (October 2010), 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Herlihy, D.The Black Death and the Transformation of the West, ed. Cohn, Jr. S.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Jakob, Tina. Prevalence and Patterns of Disease in Early Medieval Populations: a Comparison of Skeletal Samples of the 5th–8th Centuries ad from Britain and Southwestern Germany. BAR International Series 1959. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges, 2009.Google Scholar

Little, Lester K. ‘Plague Historians in Lab Coats’, Past and Present, 213 (November 2011), 267–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McNeill, William H.Plagues and Peoples. Garden City: Anchor/Doubleday, 1976.Google Scholar

Newson, Linda A. ‘A Historical-Ecological Perspective on Epidemic Disease’, in Balée, William, ed., Advances in Historical Ecology, 42–63. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Nutton, Vivian, ed. Pestilential Complexities: Understanding Medieval Plague. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2008.PubMed

Rawcliffe, Carole. Leprosy in Medieval England. Rochester, NY and Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 2006.Google Scholar

Roberts, Charlotte A., Manchester, Kerth, and Lewis, Mary E., eds. The Past and Present of Leprosy: Archaeological, Historical, Palaeopathological and Clinical Approaches. BAR International Series 1054. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2002.

Sallares, Robert. ‘Role of Environmental Changes in the Spread of Malaria in Europe during the Holocene’, Quaternary International, 150 (2006), 21–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scott, Susan, and Duncan, Christopher J.. Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations. Cambridge University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Behringer, Wolfgang. ‘Climatic Change and Witch-Hunting: the Impact of the Little Ice Age on Mentalities’, Climatic Change, 43 (1999), 335–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Behringer, Wolfgang.A Cultural History of Climate. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Bennassar, B., ed. Les catastrophes naturelles dans l’Europe médiévale et moderne. Actes des xves Journées Internationales d’Histoire de l’Abbaye de Flaran, 10, 11, 12 Septembre 1993. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1996.

Bowlus, C. ‘Ecological Crisis in Fourteenth Century Europe’, in Bilsky, Lester J., ed., Historical Ecology: Essays on Environment and Social Change, 86–99. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Brazdil, Rudolf, Pfister, Christian, Wanner, H., van Storch, H., and Luterbacher, J.. ‘Historical Climatology in Europe – the State of the Art’, Climatic Change, 70 (2005), 363–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, N.History and Climate Change: a Eurocentric Perspective. New York: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar

Büntgen, Ulf, Tegel, W., Nicolussi, K. et al. ‘2500 Years of European Climatic Variability and Human Susceptibility’, Sciencexpress, 13 January 2011, 1–4: 10.1126/science.1197175.Google ScholarPubMed

Fréchet, Julien, Meghraoui, Mustapha, and Stucci, Massimiliano, eds. Historical Seismology: Interdisciplinary Studies of Past and Recent Earthquakes. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences 2. Dordrecht and London: Springer, 2008.CrossRef

Glaser, Rüdiger, and Riemann, Dirk, ‘A Thousand-Year Record of Temperature Variations for Germany and Central Europe Based on Documentary Data’, Journal of Quaternary Science, 24:5 (2009), 437–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guidoboni, Emanuela, and Ebel, John E.. Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Past: a Guide to Techniques in Historical Seismology. Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., Osborn, T. J. et al. ‘High-Resolution Palaeoclimatology of the Last Millennium: a Review of Current Status and Future Prospects’, The Holocene, 19:1 (2009), 3–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jordan, William C.The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the Early Fourteenth Century. Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Lamb, H. H.Climate, History and the Modern World. 2nd rev. edn. London: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar

LeRoy Ladurie, Emmanuel. Histoire humaine et comparée du climat, vol. I: Canicules et glaciers (xiiie–xviiie siècle). Paris: Fayard, 2004.Google Scholar

Luterbacher, Jürg, Xaplaki, Elena, Casty, Carlo et al. ‘Mediterranean Climate Variability over the Last Centuries: a Review’, in Lionello, P., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Boscolo, R., eds., Mediterranean Climate Variability, 27–148. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.Google Scholar

McCormick, Michael, Dutton, Paul Edward, and Mayewski, Paul A.. ‘Volcanoes and the Climate Forcing of Carolingian Europe, ad 750–950’, Speculum, 82 (2007), 865–95; available online at .CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McGovern, Thomas H., Vésteinsson, Orri, Fridriksson, Adolf et al. ‘Landscapes of Settlement in Northern Iceland: Historical Ecology of Human Impact and Climate Fluctuation on the Millennial Scale’, American Anthropologist, new series, 109 (2007), 27–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oppenheimer, Clive. Eruptions that Shook the World. Cambridge University Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oster, Emily. ‘Witchcraft, Weather and Economic Growth in Renaissance Europe’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18 (2004), 215–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perdikaris, Sophia, and McGovern, Thomas H.. ‘Codfish and Kings, Seals and Subsistence: Norse Marine Resource Use in the North Atlantic’, in Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M., eds., Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems: a Global Perspective, 187–214. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Rohr, Christian. ‘Man and Natural Disaster in the Late Middle Ages: the Earthquake in Carinthia and Northern Italy on 25 January 1348 and its Perception’, Environment and History, 9 (2003), 127–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schenk, Gerrit J. ‘“. . . prima ci fu la cagione de la mala provedenza de’Fiorentini . . .” Disaster and Life World Reactions in the Commune of Florence to the Flood of November 1333’, Medieval History Journal, 10 (2007), 355–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stothers, R. B. ‘Climatic and Demographic Consequences of the Massive Volcanic Eruption of 1258’, Climatic Change, 45 (2000), 362–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abulafia, David. The Discovery of Mankind: Atlantic Encounters in the Age of Columbus. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Bourin, Monique, Drendel, John, and Menant, François, eds. Les disettes dans la conjoncture de 1300 en Méditérranée Occidentale. Rome: École Française de Rome, 2011.

Bowlus, Charles R. ‘Ecological Crisis in Fourteenth Century Europe’, in Bilsky, Lester J., ed., Historical Ecology. Essays on Environment and Social Change, 86–99. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Campbell, Bruce M. S. ‘Nature as Historical Protagonist: Environment and Society in Preindustrial England (The Tawney Memorial Lecture 2008)’, Economic History Review, 63 (2010), 281–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Bruce M. S. ‘Physical Shocks, Biological Hazards, and Human Impacts: the Crisis of the Fourteenth Century Revisited’, in Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed., Le interazioni fra economia e ambiente biologico nell’Europa preindustriale. Secc. xiii–xviii / Economic and Biological Interactions in the Pre-Industrial Europe from the 13th to the 18th Centuries, 13–32. Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica ‘F. Datini’, Prato: Atti della xli Settimana di Studi, 26–30 aprile 2009. Florence: Florence University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Campbell, Bruce M. S. ‘Panzootics, Pandemics and Climate Anomalies in the Fourteenth Century’, in Herrmann, Bernd, ed., Beiträge zum Göttinger Umwelthistorischen Kolloquium 2010–2011, 177–216. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2011.Google Scholar

Crosby, Alfred W.The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1972.Google Scholar

Fraser, E. D. G. ‘Can Economics, Land Use, and Climatic Stresses Lead to Famine, Disease, Warfare, and Death? Using Europe’s Calamitous 14th Century as a Parable for the Modern Age’, Ecological Economics, 70:7 (2011), 1269–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, Eric L.The European Miracle: Environments, Economies, and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. 3rd edn. rev. Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Long, Pamela O.Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2011Google Scholar

Richards, John F.The Unending Frontier: an Environmental History of the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Schlesinger, Roger. In the Wake of Columbus: the Impact of the New World on Europe, 1492–1650. 2nd rev. edn. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 2007.Google Scholar

Smith, Pamela H., and Findlen, Paula, eds. Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe. New York: Routledge, 2002.