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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Edited by
Helen Anne Curry  and
Timothy W. Lorek
Helen Anne Curry
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Timothy W. Lorek
Affiliation:
College of Saint Scholastica, Minnesota
Type
Chapter
Information
Agricultural Science as International Development
Historical Perspectives on the CGIAR Era
 , pp. 310 - 320
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Acosta, Ricardo, 209
Afghanistan, 29, 30, 33, 278
Africa, 12, 27, 29, 48, 49, 125, 126, 129, 131, 133, 135, 145, 157, 160, 165, 169, 171, 181, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 209, 210, 213, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 228, 231, 232, 233. See also Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
East Africa, 110, 126, 164, 175, 231
sub-Saharan Africa, 104, 158–180, 226, 227, 231
West Africa, 109, 126, 130, 135–157, 187, 212, 227, 273
Africa Rice Center, 137, 166
African Agricultural Technology Foundation, 231
African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT). See trypanosomiasis
agribusiness, 6, 14, 75, 76, 78, 85, 87, 125, 199, 288, 291, 301, 308 See also private sector; seed industry
agricultural economics, 11, 39, 81, 82, 120, 123, 167
agricultural research for development (AR4D), 159, 179
agro-ecology, 11, 19, 27, 28, 31, 33, 40, 41, 42, 49, 152, 165, 186, 188, 221, 267, 282, 299
al-Assad, Bashar, 17, 41
al-Assad, Hafez, 23, 35, 36, 37, 41
Albania, 278
Algeria, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33
Alliance for Progress, 75, 77, 183, 198
Altieri, Miguel, 299, 300
Andean region, 69
Arab-Israeli war, 23
Arafat, Yasser, 37
Argentina, 40, 189, 190, 210
Arid Land Agricultural Development program (ALAD), 25, 33
arid regions. See drylands
Asia, 6, 18, 46, 48, 49, 50, 72, 80, 104, 124, 126, 131, 149, 181, 185, 190, 205, 210, 213, 221, 224, 232
Central Asia, 24, 42
South Asia, 97, 273
Southeast Asia, 93, 186
Western Asia, 21, 41. See also Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Asian Development Bank, 119, 129
Australia, 129, 186, 278
Ba’ath Party, 23, 35
bananas, 80, 145, 202
Bangladesh War, 52, 60
Bänziger, Marianne, 227
barley, 24, 26, 39, 40, 104, 249, 276
Beachell, Henry, 138
beans, 11, 65, 83, 127, 181–206, 244, 272
bean breeding, 11, 181, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 197, 200, 201, 205
broad beans, 39
velvet beans, 108, 109, 112
Belgium, 129
Bell, David, 84, 85
Bellagio meetings, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 162
Bennett, Erna, 267, 268, 270, 272, 276
Bigirwenkya, Z.H.K., 31
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 227, 230, 285
biotechnology, 173, 229, 230, 232, 253, 260, 277, 292, 297, 298
transgenic animals, 159, 170, 174
transgenic plants, 231, 291, 297, 298, 306
Bioversity International, 12, 13, 255, 256, 257, 281, 282, 302, 304 See also International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR); International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)
Boerma, Addeke Hendrik, 24, 122, 127
Bolivia, 83, 190
Borlaug, Norman, 79, 89, 101, 120, 121, 122, 123, 138, 217, 218, 220, 270
Bouaké research station, 142, 148, 151, 154
Brazil, 71, 83, 186, 189, 192, 273
British Empire, 20, 24, 35, 140, 142, 143, 149
Brown, Lester R., 191
Bunting, A. H., 129
cacao, 70, 80 See also cocoa
Canada, 9, 25, 99, 119, 129
capitalism, 7, 9, 36, 64, 77, 121, 125, 206, 287, 289, 300, 308, 309
foreign investment, 37, 41, 78
Caribbean region, 80, 84, 85, 189, 195
Carter, Jimmy, 220
cassava, 5, 65, 83, 84, 145, 183, 185, 186, 192
cattle, 5, 70, 83, 159, 161, 162, 163, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 198, 199, 200, 202
beef, 83, 173, 193, 198, 199, 200
dairy, 173, 205
Cauca Valley Corporation (CVC), 73, 74, 76, 82, 85
Central America, 11, 84, 98, 108, 110, 181–206, 221, 222, 273
conflict in, 193, 197, 199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206
Central American Cooperative Program for the Cultivation and Improvement of Food Cultivars (PCCMCA), 194
Central American Corn Improvement Program, 91
Centre de Recherche Agronomique du Bambey (Senegal), 128
CGIAR, 1, 63, 92, 119, 158, 179, 180, 181, 237, 253
and CIMMYT, 89, 94, 106, 108, 112, 212
and IBPGR, 243, 246, 272
and ICARDA, 34, 38, 39, 42
and ICRISAT, 51, 59, 88, 117, 139, 158, 181, 210, 234, 286
and ILCA, 165
and ILRAD, 163, 164
and ILRI, 168, 169
and WARDA, 149, 156
centers, 68, 159
founding of, 24, 50, 81, 120, 162, 210
funding, 155, 169, 170, 249
genetic resources management, 250, 259, 261, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 284
independent legal personality of, 294
intellectual property in, 286, 309
mission, 1, 17, 44, 104, 130, 160, 234, 237, 254, 257
organization of, 163, 174, 183, 248
Research Programs (CRPs), 159, 174, 175, 176, 177
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), 2, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 38, 39, 42, 51, 55, 127, 128, 129, 139, 167, 170, 212, 239, 269
Chandler, Robert F., 148, 191
Charan Singh, Chaudhury, 60, 62
Chavarriaga, Eduardo, 78
Chenna Reddy, Marri, 60
chickpeas, 39, 49, 56, 57, 124, 127, 128, 133, 244
Chile, 90, 121, 189
China, 7, 8, 52, 77, 135, 136, 137, 146, 157, 210
CIAT. See International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
CIMMYT. See International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
CIP. See International Potato Center (CIP)
citrus fruit, 71
climate change, 5, 26, 64, 68, 86, 112, 233, 254
cocoa, 140, 141, 146, 278
coffee, 70, 71, 140, 141, 199, 201, 202, 204, 278
Cold War, 1, 6, 9, 18, 19, 24, 37, 42, 46, 51, 52, 62, 64, 67, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 81, 87, 98, 116, 146, 149, 181, 202, 206, 220
anti-communism, 22, 25, 46, 75, 181, 205
containment, 18, 37, 42
Colombia, 7, 10, 48, 63–87, 90, 182, 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 192
conflict in, 64, 70
La Violencia, 73, 74
Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 183, 184
Colombian Agricultural Program (CAP), 72, 76, 79, 82, 182, 183, 186
Colombian Institute for Agrarian Reform (INCORA), 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 85, 86, 87
Colombian Sugarcane Growers Association (ASOCAÑA), 64, 76, 86, 87
colonialism, 6, 11, 22, 80, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 149, 154, 155, 156, 159, 161, 162, 254
Comeau, John, 51, 128
commodity-focused research, 40, 168, 174
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), 186, 262
communism, 76, 98, 116, 206. See also Cold War: anti-communism; Cold War:containment
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). See CGIAR
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 247, 250, 255, 256, 280, 281, 294
Cooperative Regional Project on Beans for Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean (PROFRIJOL), 189, 196, 197
corn. See maize
Costa Rica, 84, 106, 190, 192, 193, 194, 197, 199, 201, 202
cotton, 24, 80, 109, 140, 142, 143, 199, 200, 204, 244
Crawford, John, 127
crop descriptors, 234–258
crop diversity. See genetic resources
crop improvement. See plant breeding
Cuba, 7, 77, 278
Cuban Revolution, 74, 78, 205
Cummings, Ralph W., 44, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 62, 128
de la Madrid, Miguel, 107
debt crisis, 199, 204
decolonization, 21, 145, 146, 147, 155
postcolonialism, 3, 6, 27, 35, 38, 62, 117, 146, 156
Demuth, Richard, 25, 127
dependency theory, 121
Desai, Morarji, 60
deterritorialization, 66, 85
Doggett, Hugh, 51, 128
Dominican Republic, 106
Dougall, H. W., 145
drylands, 10, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 40, 41, 42, 49, 56, 58, 124
dryland crops, 26, 45, 48, 49, 55
Dulles, John Foster, 22
DuPont Pioneer, 86
East Coast fever (ECF), 162, 164, 168
Economic Commission for Africa, 119
Ecuador, 83, 190, 192, 278
Eder, Harold, 65, 74
Eder, James “Santiago,” 70
Egypt, 20, 21
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 22, 42
El Salvador, 106, 107, 193, 197, 202, 203, 204, 205
Ethiopia, 165, 273, 278
Europe, 9, 11, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 32, 34, 104, 130, 132, 139, 140, 159, 177, 194, 253, 292, 306
European Association for Research on Plant Breeding (EUCARPIA), 264
European Commission/International Fund for Agricultural Development (EC-IFAD), 175
European Economic Community, 129
European Plant Genetic Resources Search Catalogue (EURISCO), 253
excellence, 12, 158, 159, 170, 179
institutional excellence, 138, 160, 179
research excellence, 157, 159, 171, 173, 179
scientific excellence, 11, 128, 160, 161, 163, 179
Falcon, Walter, 293
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, 202
farming systems research, 14, 38, 39, 41, 85, 108, 139, 153, 155, 156, 167, 169
fertilizers, 65, 84, 108, 109, 115, 133, 136, 141, 145, 149, 150, 201, 217, 223, 228, 289
Fiji, 246
Flores, Marina, 191
Ford Foundation, 1, 25, 32, 46, 48, 49, 51, 77, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90, 95, 98, 109, 119, 128, 145, 183, 212
Ford, Gerald R., 37
France, 86, 119, 146, 148, 155, 156
Frankel, Otto, 265, 267, 270, 277
French Empire, 20, 35, 140, 142, 143, 149
Gandhi, Indira, 9, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62
Gates Foundation. See Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Gaud, William S., 115
Gauger, L., 128
gender, 5, 8, 14, 147, 150, 221, 222
gene banks, 12, 17, 188, 194, 236, 238, 239, 244, 246, 248, 251, 257, 259, 267, 268, 269, 270, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 281, 283. See also Svalbard Global Seed Vault, germplasm collection
genetic erosion, 259, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 284
genetic resources, 7, 12, 13, 63, 186, 194, 229, 238, 240, 242, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 256, 259–285, 301 See also gene banks; germplasm collections
Commission on Plant Genetic Resources (FAO), 280, 281
Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN), 287, 299
Germany, Federal Republic of, 129
germplasm collections, 42, 57, 72, 80, 94, 101, 102, 108, 128, 131, 133, 185, 186, 188, 194, 214, 239, 241, 246, 250, 260, 262, 273 See also gene banks
Gerpacio, Roberta, 224
Ghana, 145, 147, 149, 156
Gil Preciado, Juan, 95
Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust), 63, 274, 281
Global Forum for Agricultural Research (GFAR), 250
Global Harvest Initiative, 86
global public goods, 13, 211, 224, 230, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 296, 300, 302
goats, 27, 166
Grant, Ulysses Jerry, 82, 84
Gray, Clarence, 48, 49
Green Revolution, 2, 24, 49, 72, 81, 115, 117, 120, 124, 134, 137, 145, 190, 200, 205, 206, 210, 220, 226, 239, 242, 261, 269, 270, 285
African Green Revolution, 137, 226
Central America, 181, 202
critiques, 6
extension of, 25, 38, 55, 58, 118, 122, 124, 127
India, 45, 58
social unrest caused by, 115, 121, 123
Gregory, W. C., 129
groundnuts, 56, 57, 118, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 140
groundnut breeding, 11, 117, 126, 131, 132
Guatemala, 106, 109, 191, 192, 193, 194, 199, 202, 203, 204, 215, 222
Haiti, 106
Hanson, Haldore, 105
Hardin, Lowell S., 79, 80, 87, 119, 120, 121, 187
Harrar, J. George, 92, 95, 101, 148
hemp, 71
Henry, Paul Marc, 148
high-yielding varieties, 47, 49, 72, 106, 119, 133, 184, 190, 200, 205, 206, 265
hogs, 83, 84, 171, 175, 176, 177, 179
pork, 175, 176, 177
Holguín, Roberto, 79
Honduras, 106, 192, 193, 194, 202
Horsch, Robert, 297
House, Lee, 56
hunger, 19, 25, 46, 58, 59, 98, 102, 105, 108, 112, 116, 122, 124, 190, 212, 218, 221, 302 See also malnutrition
famine, 58, 97, 98, 122, 210
IBPGR. See International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR)
ICARDA. See International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
ICRISAT. See International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
IITA. See International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
ILCA. See International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA)
ILRAD. See International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD)
ILRI. See International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
imperialism, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 161, 262 See also colonialism
India, 2, 9, 29, 44–62, 82, 98, 115, 116, 124, 125, 128, 131, 144, 215, 224, 270, 304
Indian Agricultural Program, 90
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), 44, 47, 53
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 44, 49, 56, 57
Indigenous knowledge, 109, 167, 253, 254
Indonesia, 50
Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales et des Cultures Vivrières (IRAT), 146, 147
intellectual property, 1, 12, 13, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 253, 277, 279, 286, 309
Inter-American Development Bank, 77, 119, 186
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), 194
Inter-Asian Corn Program, 213, 215, 221
International Agri-Food Network, 297
International Arachis Newsletter, 133
International Association of Plant Breeders for the Protection of Plant Varieties (ASSINSEL), 264, 278, 287, 298
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 24, 31, 126, 127
International Biological Program, 264
International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), 239, 241, 243, 244, 247, 249, 257, 270, 271, 275, 277, 279, 280
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 10, 17–43, 64, 276, 304
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), 10, 48, 63–87, 120, 181–206, 302
International Coalition for Development Action, 277
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, 44–62, 117, 129, 131, 132, 276, 302, 304, 306
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 25, 128
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 8, 89
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 10, 48, 81, 84, 85, 89, 126, 127, 148, 151, 152, 156, 183, 186, 212, 304
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), 158, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 176, 179
International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), 158, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 176, 179
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 6, 158–180, 302, 304
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 6, 9, 12, 25, 40, 88–112, 117, 127, 159, 180, 183, 191, 209–233, 264, 276, 300, 302, 308
International Maize Improvement Consortia, 225
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 257, 274, 281
International Potato Center (CIP), 8, 246, 276
international public goods. See global public goods
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 6, 81, 90, 93, 117, 137, 148, 149, 156, 159, 183, 184, 209, 264, 276, 291, 308
International Seed Trade Federation, 287, 298
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 250, 252, 256, 281
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 247, 279
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 277, 279, 280, 295
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 6, 8
IPGRI. See International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)
IR8 rice variety, 137, 138, 184, 200, 201
Iran, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 278
Iranian Revolution of 1979, 34, 35
Iraq, 20, 21, 24, 30, 32, 41
IRRI. See International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
irrigation, 20, 26, 27, 40, 41, 55, 73, 74, 100, 108, 141, 142, 143, 145, 149, 185, 201
Israel, 21, 22, 35, 37
Italy, 119, 187
Ivory Coast, 141, 142, 143, 155
Jadid, Salah, 23
Jamaica, 106
Japan, 9, 119, 132, 220
Johnson, Lyndon B., 119
Jones, Monty, 135
Jordan, 21, 34
Joshi, A.B., 47
Kellogg Foundation, 77, 183, 186
Kemp, Steve, 171
Kennedy, John F., 75, 183
Kenya, 172, 216, 223, 227
Khrushchev, Nikita, 22
Khush, Gurdev, 138
Kissinger, Henry, 37
Kuwait, 32, 41
land reform, 65, 75, 77, 87, 183, 202
land tenancy, 199, 200
later-generation development problems. See second-generation development problems
Latin America, 6, 10, 27, 40, 64, 80, 82, 84, 104, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 201, 204, 210, 213, 232, 264
Le Buanec, Bernard, 297
Lebanese civil war, 17, 34
Lebanon, 10, 17, 21, 22, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37
legumes, 38, 82, 123, 124, 126, 127, 133, 166, 181, 183, 188, 201
lentils, 39, 244
Liberia, 147, 155
Libya, 278
Lillienthal, David, 73
limited exclusivity agreements, 307, 308
livestock research, 39, 75, 158–180, 183, 185. See also cattle; hogs
Lleras Camargo, Alberto, 75
López Mateos, Adolfo, 92, 93
maize, 7, 12, 47, 63, 69, 71, 80, 82, 83, 91, 94, 96, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 181, 182, 183, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 205, 209, 217, 241, 262, 264, 272, 273, 276, 308
high-lysine maize, 218, 219, 220, 233
hybrid maize, 209, 211, 215, 220, 223, 224, 225, 231, 232, 268
maize breeding, 12, 67, 72, 79, 82, 92, 95, 209–233
open-pollinated varieties, 211, 215, 218, 219, 223, 224, 226, 232
stress tolerant maize, 227, 228, 233
Majidi, Abdul Majid, 31
Malawi, 222
Malaysia, 50
Mali, 140, 148, 149, 150
malnutrition, 68, 125, 181, 187, 191, 192, 193, 198, 199, 200, 206, 217, 226. See also protein gap
Mangelsdorf, Paul, 213
marginal zones, 62, 76, 80, 82, 85, 107, 200, 202, 224, 225
MasAgro, 110
Mata, Leonardo, 191
Mauboussin, J. C., 129
McKelvey, John, 159, 162
McLaren, Donald, 198
McNamara, Robert, 9, 50, 81
mega-environments, 221
Mexican Agricultural Program (MAP), 47, 72, 81, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 103, 112, 182, 274
Mexico, 2, 7, 9, 40, 47, 71, 81, 84, 88–112, 117, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, 192, 195, 209, 210, 213, 214, 215, 222, 223, 225, 227, 264, 274, 278
Mid-American State Universities Association, 77
Middle East, 189 See Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 3, 17–43, 104
millet, 47, 49, 56, 57, 124, 126, 128, 140, 244, 272
modernization theory, 22, 121
Monsanto, 229, 231, 297
Mooney, Pat, 277
Morocco, 29
Myers, Will, 119, 122, 148
Mzima project, 171, 172, 173
Naik, K.C., 53, 54
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 22, 23
National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), 91, 95
Near East and North Africa. See Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 46
Nestlé, 125
Netherlands, 129
New International Economic Order, 122
New Rices for Africa (NERICA), 135, 136, 137
Nicaragua, 106, 193, 197, 199, 201, 202, 203, 278
Nigeria, 10, 48, 81, 84, 85, 126, 129, 130, 147, 148, 149, 156, 157, 183, 185, 186, 226
Nippon Foundation, 220
Nixon, Richard M., 51, 52, 59
North America, 187, 194, 198, 200, 292
Norway, 63, 129
Nour, M., 38
Novartis Foundation, 231
Nutrition Institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP), 191
Office du Niger, 140, 141, 144, 150
Office for Overseas Scientific and Technological Research (ORSTOM), 129, 230
oil (crops), 123, 130, 131, 132, 140, 141, 205, 244
oil (petroleum), 19, 22, 31, 32, 41, 198, 204
OPEC crisis of 1973, 32
One CGIAR, 14, 257, 307, 308
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 119
Organization of American States (OAS), 75
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 32
Orientalism, 19, 20
Ottoman Empire, 20, 21, 22, 27, 35, 36, 38
overpopulation, 46, 98, 122. See also population growth
Overseas Development Administration (United Kingdom), 128
Pakistan, 50, 52, 60, 98, 115, 116, 123
Pal, B. P., 44, 47, 49
Palestine, 20, 21, 34
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 34, 37
Paliwal, Ripsudan, 224
Palmira Agricultural Experiment Station, 71, 72, 75, 80
Panama, 106, 192, 193
Papua New Guinea, 246
participatory research, 108, 109, 110, 112, 154, 222, 282
participatory varietal selection (PVS), 154, 155
pasture and forage crops, 38, 65, 83, 109, 185, 186, 192, 244 See also legumes
patents, 229, 232, 287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 301, 303, 304, 306, 308
Peace Corps, 75, 77
Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program, 133
peanuts. See groundnuts
Pearson Commission on International Development, 9, 81
Peru, 83, 190, 192
Philippines, 2, 6, 50, 81, 84, 90, 93, 109, 115, 117, 183, 184, 209
pigeon peas, 49, 56, 57, 124, 127, 128, 133, 306
pigs. See hogs
Pinchinat, Antonio M., 191
Pino, John, 111
Pioneer Hi-Bred, 79, 222, 224
Plan Puebla. See Puebla Project
plant breeding, 38, 39, 40, 75, 94, 98, 164, 181, 183, 184, 186, 187, 191, 195, 289, 290. See also beans: bean breeding; groundnuts: groundnut breeding; maize: maize breeding; rice: rice breeding; wheat: wheat breeding
plant variety protection, 287, 288, 292, 293, 295, 297, 303, 304, 308
Plucknett, Donald, 275
Point Four, 45, 72
population growth, 27, 78, 80, 110, 118, 212 See also overpopulation
Portères, Roland, 144
potato, 276
poverty, 10, 24, 34, 41, 42, 62, 78, 111, 121, 163, 198, 200, 205, 206, 221, 226, 302
precision agriculture, 253, 255
Pritchard, William, 167
private sector, 12, 78, 211, 223, 224, 229, 230, 232, 286, 288, 289, 292, 296, 299, 300, 301, 307, 308
protein crisis. See protein gap
protein gap, 10, 124, 125, 131, 181, 187, 191, 194, 198, 217, 218
public sector, 215, 216, 223, 224, 226, 232, 286, 289, 292
public–private partnerships, 224, 230, 231, 232, 288, 291, 293, 300
Puebla Project, 84, 100, 101, 213
Puerto Rico, 71
pulses, 56, 57, 123, 124, 133, 244
quality protein maize. See high-lysine maize
Rachie, Kenneth O., 47
rainfed agriculture, 19, 32, 33, 38, 40, 41, 48, 55, 56, 61, 84, 100, 110, 127, 211, 215, 222, 226, 227, 233
Rajaram, Sanjaya, 110
Rangaswami, G., 53
Rao, G. V. K., 52
Rao, P. V. Narasimha, 57
Raper, Jayne, 171
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 65, 74
Ricardo Acosta, 209
rice, 2, 7, 11, 46, 47, 48, 49, 59, 65, 70, 71, 80, 82, 83, 115, 119, 135–157, 181, 184, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 205, 210, 213, 239, 244, 262, 264, 272, 273, 276, 308
hybrid rice, 135, 136, 137, 157, 306
rice breeding, 135, 143, 145, 147, 149, 152, 153, 155, 184
upland rice, 142, 148, 151
Richard Toll, 141
Richards, Paul, 152, 153
Roberts, Lewis, 79, 80, 87, 124, 125, 182, 187, 191
Roberts, Timothy, 296
Rockefeller Foundation, 48, 49, 79, 111, 124, 145, 148, 159, 162, 185, 212, 218, 231, 264, 285
and CGIAR, 1, 81, 115, 119, 292
and the Green Revolution, 46, 242
in Colombia, 69, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 182, 183, 186
in India, 44, 47, 48, 50, 53, 55, 56, 90, 215
in Mexico, 81, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 101, 223, 274
in the Middle East and North Africa, 26
inter-American programs, 92, 194, 222
training grants, 78, 99, 182
Rockefeller III, John D., 50, 101
Rokupr research station, 143, 147, 148, 149, 156
Rostow, Walt Whitman, 22
rubber, 80
Ruppert, Joseph A., 182
Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI), 277
Ryan, J. G., 129
Sabha, Rajya, 56
Sandinista Revolution, 202
Santos, Juan Manuel, 86
Sasakawa Global 2000, 220
Sasakawa, Ryōichi, 220
Saudi Arabia, 32, 129
Sauger, Louis, 51
second-generation development problems, 10, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 134
seed banks. See gene banks
seed industry, 78, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230, 232, 283, 289, 307
Seed Treaty. See International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
semi-arid regions, 19, 25, 42, 51, 58 See drylands
Senegal, 129, 130, 140, 148, 149, 150, 156
Serageldin, Ismail, 254, 294, 296, 301
sheep, 27, 38, 166
Shinde, Annasaheb, 57
Sierra Leone, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152
Singh, Tarlok, 44
Sivaraman, B., 44
Skilbeck Committee, 26, 28, 31, 35, 38, 40
Skilbeck, Dunstan, 26
slavery, 70, 74, 140
soil science, 38, 39, 41, 75, 141, 145, 166
Somoza, Anastacio, 202
sorghum, 47, 49, 56, 57, 124, 126, 128, 140, 272, 276
South Africa, 210, 231
South America, 29, 109, 129, 143, 198
Andean region, 77, 84, 189, 222
South Korea, 7
southern corn leaf blight, 268
Soviet Union, 8, 18, 22, 41, 42, 77, 205, 206, 241, 278
soybeans, 127, 187
Sprague, Ernest W., 213, 215, 224
Sprague, George F., 216
Sriwatanapongse, Sujin, 221
Subramaniam, C., 44, 47
Sudan, 129, 130, 173
Suez crisis, 22, 23
sugarcane, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 85, 199, 202
Sugar Plan, 76, 78
sugarcane breeding, 71, 72
sugarcane mosaic virus, 71, 72
sustainability, 86, 110, 165, 179, 221, 254, 257, 281, 286, 287, 298
Svalbard Global Seed Vault, 63, 72, 274
Swaminathan, M. S., 44, 47, 57, 270, 294
Sweden, 119, 129
sweet potato, 145, 245
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), 195
Switzerland, 106, 129
Syria, 10, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 33, 35, 36, 41
Syrian civil war, 17, 41, 43
systems thinking, 165, 166, 167, 170
System-Wide Information Network for Genetic Resources, 249, 251
system-wide policy, 295, 300, 303, 308
system-wide research, 12, 234, 249
system-wide strategy, 290, 291
Taiwan, 7, 146
Tanganyika, 129
Tata Group, 125
Taussig, Michael, 74
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC). See CGIAR
technical assistance, 42, 45, 51, 73, 86, 87, 89, 90, 110, 111, 228
Tenorio, Humberto, 78
Thailand, 185, 215, 221, 223, 224
Thammasat Resolution, 299
Third World Network, 287, 299
timber, 140, 141
training programs, 88, 97, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 177, 182, 183, 184, 186, 189, 192
Tribe, Derek, 164, 165
Tripati, Kamalapati, 57
Tripp, Robert, 218
triticale, 104
Troll classification, 28, 29, 49
tropical medicine, 159, 161
parasitology, 161, 162
tropics, 10, 19, 28, 29, 48, 49, 51, 67, 80, 82, 119, 129, 133, 183, 185, 187, 209, 210, 215, 216, 217, 221, 223, 224, 232
semi-arid tropics, 10, 118, 128, 129
Truman, Harry S., 45
trypanosomiasis, 161, 162, 164, 168, 171, 172, 174
Tunisia, 32, 33
Turkey, 30, 32, 33, 115
Uganda, 171, 175, 176, 177, 179
Unilever, 125
United Kingdom, 119, 125, 129, 146, 155, 172, 278
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 125, 187
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 268
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 122, 131
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, 283
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2, 59, 119, 126, 127, 129, 148, 195, 218, 292
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 63, 86, 94, 95, 125, 148, 177, 221, 250, 253, 292
and CGIAR, 2, 59, 81, 119, 126
and the Green Revolution, 24
and genetic resources management, 240, 243, 247, 248, 250, 252, 259, 262, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280
in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 25, 38
and the protein gap, 187, 191, 217
United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development, 250
United Nations Protein Advisory Group, 187, 198
United Nations Refugee Agency, 203
United States, 9, 18, 22, 37, 44, 45, 46, 51, 59, 94, 98, 99, 116, 117, 119, 121, 129, 131, 172, 181, 183, 186, 187, 198, 202, 205, 206, 209, 275, 278
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 22, 26, 48, 51, 52, 53, 56, 77, 115, 183, 186, 194, 212, 248
United States Department of Agriculture, 71, 72, 186
United States Department of State, 46, 77
United States Technical Cooperation Mission to India, 53
upland crops, 48, 49, 50, 55, 67, 124, 126, 128
uplands, humid, 139, 142, 143, 149, 151, 155
USSR. See Soviet Union
vaccines, 5, 163, 164, 168, 170, 171, 173, 179
van Dusseldorp, D.B.W.M., 161
van Schoonhoven, Aart, 201
Vasal, S. K., 220
Vavilov, Nikolai, 262
vegetables, 150
Venezuela, 83, 186
veterinary medicine, 158, 161, 163, 167, 174, 179, 182
Via Campesina, 287, 299
Vietnam, 7, 205
Viguier, Pierre, 144
Villegas, Evangelina, 99, 220
Viteri, Fernando E., 191
Voysest, Oswaldo, 201
Wallace, Henry A., 79
Waterlow, John C., 218
Wellhausen, Edwin, 182, 223
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 11, 135–157
Western Asia and North Africa. See Middle East and North Africa
Wharton, Clifton, 121
wheat, 2, 7, 24, 29, 39, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 59, 94, 96, 98, 104, 105, 108, 110, 112, 115, 119, 123, 181, 182, 183, 185, 191, 193, 205, 210, 213, 244, 262, 264, 272, 273, 276, 308
descriptors, 241, 242, 244
durum wheat, 26, 40
research programs, 40, 94, 98, 101, 103, 104
wheat breeding, 20, 88, 92, 95, 99, 101, 102, 103, 145
wide adaptation, 101, 138, 156, 157, 185, 201, 210, 213, 264
Wildlife Conservation Society, 86
Williams, Trevor, 270
Winkelmann, D.L., 108
Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 168
World Agroforestry, 308
World Bank, 1, 9, 50, 59, 74, 77, 81, 86, 119, 126, 129, 242, 250, 255, 292
World Food Conference, 105
world food crisis, 227
World Food Prize, 135, 157, 220
World Health Organization (WHO), 125, 177, 187, 217
World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (WIEWS), 281
World Trade Organization (WTO), 295
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 294, 295, 298, 299
World War I, 21, 23, 36, 94
World War II, 3, 18, 22, 42, 72, 98, 112, 182, 209, 262, 290
WorldFish, 8, 308
Wortman, Sterling, 47
Yuan, Longping, 135, 157
Zeneca (AstraZeneca), 294, 296
Zimbabwe, 222, 223, 227

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  • Index
  • Edited by Helen Anne Curry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Timothy W. Lorek, College of Saint Scholastica, Minnesota
  • Book: Agricultural Science as International Development
  • Online publication: 14 November 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009434713.014
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  • Index
  • Edited by Helen Anne Curry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Timothy W. Lorek, College of Saint Scholastica, Minnesota
  • Book: Agricultural Science as International Development
  • Online publication: 14 November 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009434713.014
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  • Index
  • Edited by Helen Anne Curry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Timothy W. Lorek, College of Saint Scholastica, Minnesota
  • Book: Agricultural Science as International Development
  • Online publication: 14 November 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009434713.014
Available formats
×