Posthumanist scholarship has challenged and critiqued some of the conventional understandings of Foucauldian biopolitics. The question of the posthuman goes beyond the focus on anti-humanism and is posed within the reconfiguration of life itself: how can life be governed when the boundaries of life are shifting, when inanimate, nonhuman, and posthuman forms and their novel ontologies have entered the specter of qualified life? This question is heightened in the age of the Anthropocene, where the destruction of the natural world is evidenced by the burden humans have put on natural resources, land, soil, waters, air, and nonhuman life, including plants and microbes. In this essay, I distinguish four different scholarly engagements with the posthuman and the biopolitical—capital, law, relational-material, environmental—that push the analytics of a Foucauldian biopolitics to its boundaries, and that lay bare the limits and tensions of biopolitics arising within these areas of study.