Since the fall of the Wall, memory activists had long centered the memory of the Wall on victims, particularly those killed trying to escape. Manfred Fischer’s efforts to preserve the Wall as a “crime scene,” the erection of the Kohlhoff & Kohlhoff memorial at Bernauer Strasse, Alexandra Hildebrandt’s cemetery of crosses at Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin’s master plan (Gesamtkonzept) for remembering the Wall, and the federal government’s plan for memorials (Gedenkstättenkonzeption) were all illustrative of this focus. This would remain the case with the expansion of the Berlin Wall Memorial Site at Bernauer Strasse. Simultaneously, however, a contentious process of examining and remembering the perpetrators also took place, yet this time outside of the courtroom.