This chapter focusses on some aspects of the first stage of Carolingian rule over Italy. Broadly speaking, the focus is set on the three decades between 781 and 810, which correspond to the period in which young Carloman/Pippin was made co-ruler of the Carolingian kingdom of the Lombards. The chapter considers not only some aspects regarding Pippin’s co-rulership over the regnum Langobardorum, which his father Charlemagne had conquered during the campaign of 773–774, but also some major transformations that took place in different areas of the realm under their political action. In the first section, the chapter recapitulates some of the results recently acquired through research with diverse perspectives and interests. In the second section, it focusses on some new aspects. Finally, it adds some further conjectures which may need to be more deeply investigated in the near future.