We review experiments in the field of comparative politics that take questions related to gender and power as their central theme. We first document the rise of experimental and quasi-experimental methods in this area and discuss their many advantages. We then summarize the most common types of questions asked in this literature. These include, for instance, how women gain and use bargaining power within the home and the effects of increasing the number of women in politics. We also present three design challenges inherent to the experimental study of gender: (1) that adults’ attitudes on women’s place in society tend to change only very slowly, often making them impervious to short-term interventions, (2) that gender biases often operate in context-specific ways that can elude survey experimental measurement, and (3) that scholars often face ethical challenges when designing interventions intended to alter existing gender power hierarchies. We conclude by discussing emerging topics in the subfield, including work that examines how candidate gender affects vote choice in comparative perspective and research that considers how the content and salience of gender identity varies across individuals and contexts.