Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Social Psychology of Social Order: An Introduction
- 2 The Evolutionary Biology and Sociology of Social Order
- 3 Social Rationality and Weak Solidarity: A Coevolutionary Approach to Social Order
- 4 An Integrative Theory of Action: The Model of Frame Selection
- 5 The Center Cannot Hold: Networks, Echo Chambers, and Polarization
- 6 Social Exchange and Social Order: An Affect Theory Approach
- 7 Institutions, Trust, and Social Order
- 8 Identity Verifi cation and the Social Order
- 9 Identities, Roles, and Social Institutions: An Affect Control Account of Social Order
- 10 The Gender Frame and Social Order
- 11 Status, Power, and Social Order
- 12 Interaction Order: The Making of Social Facts
- 13 The Arts of Together: Social Coordination as Dyadic Achievement
- 14 Dignity as Moral Motivation: The Problem of Social Order Writ Small
- 15 The Legitimacy of Groups and the Mobilization of Resources
- Commentary: Contrasts and Complementarities
- Index
- References
4 - An Integrative Theory of Action: The Model of Frame Selection
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2015
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Social Psychology of Social Order: An Introduction
- 2 The Evolutionary Biology and Sociology of Social Order
- 3 Social Rationality and Weak Solidarity: A Coevolutionary Approach to Social Order
- 4 An Integrative Theory of Action: The Model of Frame Selection
- 5 The Center Cannot Hold: Networks, Echo Chambers, and Polarization
- 6 Social Exchange and Social Order: An Affect Theory Approach
- 7 Institutions, Trust, and Social Order
- 8 Identity Verifi cation and the Social Order
- 9 Identities, Roles, and Social Institutions: An Affect Control Account of Social Order
- 10 The Gender Frame and Social Order
- 11 Status, Power, and Social Order
- 12 Interaction Order: The Making of Social Facts
- 13 The Arts of Together: Social Coordination as Dyadic Achievement
- 14 Dignity as Moral Motivation: The Problem of Social Order Writ Small
- 15 The Legitimacy of Groups and the Mobilization of Resources
- Commentary: Contrasts and Complementarities
- Index
- References
Summary
Abstract
The question of how norm adherence comes about against all temptations and fears of exploitation continues to loom large in the explanation of social order. It also divides major paradigms in the social sciences, most notably the normative paradigm that views norms as unconditional imperatives and the utilitarian paradigm that regards them as one conditional incentive among others. We introduce the model of frame selection (Esser 2009; Kroneberg 2014) as an integrative theory of action that reconciles these views and allows one to consider the interplay of interests, institutions, and ideas in the explanation of social order. Building on and formalizing insights gained in cognitive social psychology, this dual-process model pinpoints the conditions under which norms will be followed spontaneously rather than being subject to trade-offs. The model yields specific and testable hypotheses and has been applied in diverse fields of sociological research.
THE PROBLEM
The emergence of social order constitutes one of the fundamental problems in the social sciences. It involves the reliable regulation and stabilization of actions within social situations, even against conflicting interests and opportunities. This problem varies in character and severity, ranging from achieving coordination among actors with shared interests to ensuring mutual cooperation despite incentives to free ride in social dilemmas, to overcoming conflicts in which the gain of one actor involves the other's loss. These different problems call for different solutions. Coordination problems can be solved by simple agreements or conventions. Dilemma situations, however, already constitute a problem of “antagonistic cooperation”: notwithstanding the potential gains of mutual cooperation, there is always the temptation to free ride on others’ contributions as well as the fear that one's own contribution will be exploited. This particularly applies to the production of collective goods, which also includes the establishment of institutions that are capable of enforcing order in case of conflicts. Norms constitute an especially important (although not the only) solution to the problem of social order. However, the crucial question then becomes whether and how norm adherence comes about against all temptations and fears of exploitation.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Order on the Edge of ChaosSocial Psychology and the Problem of Social Order, pp. 63 - 85Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
References
1981. “Psychological Status of the Script Concept.”American Psychologist 36(7): 715–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2000. “Economics and Identity.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(3): 715–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1988. Action and Its Environments: Towards a New Synthesis. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
, , and . 1996. “Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71(2): 230–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and . 1997. “Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy.” Science 275(5304): 1293–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 2006. The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1996. “The ‘Cognitivist Model’. A Generalized ‘Rational-Choice Model’.” Rationality and Society 8(2): 123–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
und . 2014. “‘Zwei Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust’: Ein Rational-Choice-Modell innerer Konflikte.” Zeitschrift für Soziologie 43(1): 5–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 1999. “The Heuristic-Systematic Model in Its Broader Context.” Pp. 73–96 in Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology, edited by and . New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
. 2000. “Framing Effects in Public Goods Experiments.” Experimental Economics 3(1): 55–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , , and . 2014. “Your Morals Depend on Language.” PLoS ONE 9(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094842.Google ScholarPubMed
, , , and . 2006. “Frames, Biases, and Rational Decision-Making in the Human Brain.” Science 313(5787): 684–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , , , and . 2005. “Evidence for a Neural Correlate of a Framing Effect: Bias-Specific Activity in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Credibility Judgments.” Brain Research Bulletin 67(5): 413–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and . 2011. “The Framing of Games and the Psychology of Play.” Games and Economic Behavior 73(2): 459–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and . 2012. “Social Framing Effects: Preferences or Beliefs?” Games and Economic Behavior 76(1): 117–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1989a. Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1989b. The Cement of Society. A Study of Social Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2014. “What Does ‘Clean’ Really Mean? The Implicit Framing of Decontextualized Experiments.” Economics Letters 122(3): 386–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2014. “Spontaneous Associations and Label Framing Have Similar Effects in the Public Goods Game.” Judgment and Decision Making 9(5): 360–72.Google Scholar
1993. “The Rationality of Everyday Behavior. A Rational Choice Reconstruction of the Theory of Action by Alfred Schütz.” Rationality and Society 5(1): 7–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001. Soziologie: Spezielle Grundlagen, Band 6: Sinn und Kultur. Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus.Google Scholar
2009. “Rationality and Commitment: The Model of Frame Selection and the Explanation of Normative Action.” Pp. 207–30 in Raymond Boudon: A Life in Sociology, Vol. 2, Part Two: Toward a General Theory of Rationality, edited by and . Oxford: The Bardwell Press.Google Scholar
1990. “Multiple Processes by Which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The Mode Model as an Integrative Framework.” Pp. 75–109 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, edited by . San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
and . 2011. “Introduction: Tastes, Castes and Culture: The Influence of Society on Preferences.” The Economic Journal 121(556): F396–F412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 1990. “A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes: Influences of Information and Motivation on Attention and Interpretation.” Pp. 1–74 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, edited by . San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
. 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
, , , , and . 2011. “Guiding Trustful Behavior: The Role of Accessible Content and Accessibility Experiences.” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 24(5):498–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2005. “Nobody's Watching? Subtle Cues Affect Generosity in an Anonymous Economic Game.” Evolution and Human Behavior 26(3): 245–56.Google Scholar
1983. “The Origin of Predictable Behavior.” The American Economic Review 73(4): 560–95.Google Scholar
1996. “Knowledge Activation: Accessibility, Applicability, and Salience.” Pp. 133–68 in Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, edited by and . New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
and . 2008. “A Current Overview of Consumer Neuroscience.” Journal of Consumer Behaviour 7: 272–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and . 2004. “Material Priming: The Influence of Mundane Physical Objects on Situational Construal and Competitive Behavioral Choice.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 95: 83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and . 2013. “The Importance of Demonstratively Restoring Order.” PLoS ONE 8(6). e65137. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0065137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 2005. “Die Definition der Situation und die variable Rationalität der Akteure. Ein allgemeines Modell des Handelns.” Zeitschrift für Soziologie 34(5): 344–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2011. Die Erklärung sozialen Handelns. Grundlagen und Anwendung einer integrativen Theorie.Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2014. “Frames, Scripts, and Variable Rationality: An Integrative Theory of Action.” Pp. 97–123 in Analytical Sociology. Actions and Networks, edited by . Chichester: Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Google Scholar
, , and . 2010. “Norms and Rationality in Electoral Participation and in the Rescue of Jews in WWII.: An Application of the Model of Frame Selection.” Rationality and Society 22(1): 3–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1999. The Emotional Brain. The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. London: Phoenix.Google Scholar
2007. “Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes.” Annual Review of Psychology 58: 259–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and . 2004. “The Name of the Game: Predictive Power of Reputations Versus Situational Labels in Determining Prisoner's Dilemma Game Moves.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30(9): 1175–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 1989. “Choice and Culture: The Behavioral Basis of Cultural Impact on Transactions.” Pp. 175–200 in Social Structure and Culture, edited by . Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
2008. “Social Rationality, Semi-Modularity and Goal-Framing: What Is It All About?”. Analyse & Kritik 30: 669–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 1989. Rediscovering Institutions. The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
1998. “Toward a Role-Theoretic Conception of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 104(1):92–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1937. The Structure of Social Action. A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of Recent European Writers. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
and . 2002. “Preferential Choice and Adaptive Strategy Use.” Pp. 123–45 in Bounded Rationality. The Adaptive Toolbox, edited by and . Cambridge, MA & London: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
, , and . 1988. “Adaptive Strategy Selection in Decision Making.”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 14(3): 534–52.Google Scholar
, , and . 2006. “The Fire of Desire: Neural Correlates of Brand Choice.” European Advances in Consumer Research 7: 516–17.Google Scholar
, , and . 2012. “Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed.” Nature 489(7416): 427–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and . 2011. “The Neuroscience of Social Decision-Making.” Annual Review of Psychology 62: 23–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 2012. “Trust and Adaptive Rationality. Towards a New Paradigm in Trust Research.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Mannheim. Retrieved from https://ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/35963/.
. 2001. Fühlen, Denken, Handeln. Wie das Gehirn unser Verhalten steuert. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
and . 1999. “Choice Problems with a ‘Reference’ Point.” Mathematical Social Sciences 37: 205–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2008. “(A, f): Choice with Frames.” Review of Economic Studies 75: 1287–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 2011. “Akrasia, Instincts, and Revealed Preferences.” Synthese 181(1): 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1970. Reflections on the Problem of Relevance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
and . 2000. “Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive Psychology: Conceptual Integration and Links to Underlying Memory Systems.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 4(2): 108–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996. Relative Knappheiten und die Definition der Situation. Die Bedeutung von Formulierungsunterschieden, Informationsmenge und Informationszugänglichkeit in Entscheidungssituationen: Ein Test der Framinghypothese der Prospect-Theory am Beispiel des ‘asian disease problem’. Research Report for the German National Science Foundation (DFG). Mannheim: University of Mannheim.
and . 2004. “Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 8(3): 220–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and . 1997. A Cognitive Theory of Cultural Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
and . 1981. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science 211(4481): 453–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Jr. 2010. “New Life for an Old Concept: Frame Analysis and the Reinvigoration of Studies in Culture and Poverty.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 629(1):53–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 44
- Cited by