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14 - Neuroendocrine Functioning in Maltreated Children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
Dante Cicchetti
Edited by
Dante Cicchetti  and
Elaine F. Walker
Dante Cicchetti
Affiliation:
Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
Dante Cicchetti
Affiliation:
University of Rochester, New York
Elaine F. Walker
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
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Summary

Cicchetti and Lynch (1995) asserted that child maltreatment may represent the greatest failure of the caregiving environment to provide many of the expectable experiences that are necessary to facilitate normal developmental processes. Maltreating parents also may be viewed as an aberration of the supportive, nurturant, sensitive, and protective adults that are expected by children in the evolutionary context of species-typical development (Belsky, 1984; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995; Howes, Cicchetti, Toth, & Rogosch, 2000; Rogosch, Cicchetti, Shields, & Toth, 1995).

In contrast to what is anticipated in response to an average expectable environment, the ecological, social, biological, and psychological conditions that are associated with maltreatment set in motion a probabilistic path of epigenesis for maltreated children characterized by an increased likelihood of failure and disruption in the successful resolution of major stage-salient tasks of development, resulting in grave implications for functioning across the lifespan (Cicchetti, 1989; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Egeland, 1997; Malinosky-Rummell & Hansen, 1993). These repeated developmental disruptions create a profile of relatively enduring vulnerability factors that increase the probability of the emergence of maladaptation and psychopathology as negative transactions between the child and the environment continue (Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Rizley, 1981).

The notion that an average expectable environment is required for species-typical development suggests that competent outcomes in maltreated children should be highly improbable due to wide-ranging disturbances in the maltreatment ecology (Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993).

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Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms in Psychopathology , pp. 345 - 365
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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