This chapter gives an overview of the remainder of the book. We first provide commonsense and social science examples of reliability and validity, two necessary conditions that data must posses to have trustworthy conclusions based upon it. We next introduce Benford’s law and offer a brief overview of other social science studies that have employed it to check the accuracy of their data. We then turn to an overview of our Benford agreement analysis procedure and introduce the concept of Benford validity. The chapter concludes with a plan for the remainder of the book.