The National Institute of Economic and Social Research is Britain's longest established independent economic research institute. Its research interests are constantly changing in response to new needs but embrace most of the issues that shape economic performance. Current programmes include work on productivity, education methods, trade and investment, European financial integration, labour markets and economic statistics. All are underpinned by the Institute's long-standing strength in macroeconomic modelling and forecasting. This work is presented in the series National Institute of Economic and Social Research Economic and Social Studies.