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For centuries, scripture and theology were the focus of prodigious amounts of scholarship and publishing. Enlightenment philosophy and science, anthropology, ethnology and the colonial experience all brought new perspectives, lively debates and heated controversies to the study of religion and its role in the world, many of which continue to this day. This series explores the editing and interpretation of religious texts, the history of religious ideas and institutions, and not least the encounter between religion and science.

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253 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Religion

Page 1 of 13

Apocrypha Sinaitica
  • Edited and translated by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1896
  • The sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This work is based on a manuscript discovered in the monastery in 1895 and first published in 1896. Originally published as part of the Studia Sinaitica, this fascicule comprises Arabic and Syriac texts of various apocryphal stories edited and translated by Margaret Gibson. The first part of the text contains the 'Anaphora Pilati', the story of the aftermath of Pontius Pilate's decision to crucify Jesus. Also included are the Clementine Recognitions and the Martyrdom of James and Simon.

Codex Climaci Rescriptus
  • Fragments of Sixth Century Palestinian Syriac Texts of the Gospels, of the Acts of the Apostles and of St. Paul’s Epistles
  • Edited and translated by Agnes Smith Lewis
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    30 September 2010
    First published in:
    1909
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the four gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Originally published in the Horae Semitica series, this fascicule is a collection of palimpsest fragments acquired and translated by Agnes Lewis. Discovered in Sinai and dating from the sixth to eighth centuries, the documents include parts of the four gospels and the epistles. Most important of the texts are an Aramaic lectionary on the gospels and a number of homilies including unique stories from the lives of Jesus and the apostles. Originally published in 1909 and featuring translations of the Aramaic texts, this is a vital resource for the biblical scholar.

Apocrypha Arabica
  • Edited and translated by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1901
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This text is a transcription and translation of an Arabic Christian manuscript discovered by Margaret Gibson in 1893 and first published in 1901. The text includes 'The Book of the Rolls', a retelling of early Biblical events; stories of Aphikia, a virtuous woman from the time of King Solomon; and the tale of Cyprian and Justa (recounted in Arabic and Greek). A useful resource for linguists and for scholars in the history of Arabic Christianity.

Apocrypha Syriaca
  • The Protevangelium Jacobi and Transitus Mariae
  • Edited and translated by Agnes Smith Lewis
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1902
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. First published in 1902 as part of the Studia Sinaitica, this text is transcribed and translated by Lewis from a Syriac manuscript she acquired in Suez in 1895. As well as featuring pages of the Septaguint and the Peshitta Gospels, the palimpsest includes some Arabic pages including a very early version of the Qur'an (estimated by Lewis as seventh-century). Illustrated with reproductions of the leaves of the various texts, this is a valuable resource for scholars of Syriac, but also of interest for historians of Christianity and Early Islam.

The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
  • The First Part Containing the Sermones Catholici, or Homilies of Aelfric in the Original Anglo-Saxon, with an English Version
  • Volume 1
  • Ælfric Abbot of Eynsham
  • Edited and translated by Benjamin Thorpe
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    22 August 2013
    First published in:
    1844
  • The writings of Ælfric of Eynsham (c.950–c.1010) are among the most important to survive from Anglo-Saxon England. He was shaped by tenth-century monastic reform, and his promotion of Old English was highly influential. His earliest known works, the Sermones Catholici (c.990–5), are adaptations of Latin texts rendered in Old English. The homilies draw on the gospels, saints' lives and other doctrinal themes. They were intended to be delivered over two years. This two-volume collection, first published between 1844 and 1846, contains transcriptions of the Old English texts with facing-page translations by Benjamin Thorpe (1781/2–1870). A well-respected scholar with a strong interest in promoting the study of Old English, Thorpe produced an important edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the Rolls Series (also reissued in this series). Volume 1 of the present work contains the sermons for the first year, focusing on important events in the church calendar.

Forty-One Facsimiles of Dated Christian Arabic Manuscripts
  • Edited and translated by Agnes Smith Lewis, Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    08 March 2012
    First published in:
    1907
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This fascicule, originally published in 1907 as part of the Studia Sinaitica series, is a collection of Arabic Christian documents from various sources, including St Catherine's Monastery and the British Museum. Translated and edited by Lewis and Gibson, the texts, of great value to scholars of Arabic Christianity, include portions of theological treatises, sections of the Gospels and tales from the lives of the saints; of particular interest are the pages of biblical commentary and lectionaries.

Catalogue of the Arabic MSS. in the Convent of S. Catharine on Mount Sinai
  • Edited by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1894
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This work is a list of the monastery's manuscripts in Arabic compiled by Margaret Gibson in 1893 and first published in 1894. Written in Greek for use by scholars and for the monks themselves, this fascicule provides a careful document of the monastery's Arabic pages, their physical state and content. Illustrated with photographs of the catalogued works, this text will be of interest to scholars in Arabic Christianity and Middle East monastic history.

An Arabic Version of the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans, Corinthians, Galatians with Part of the Epistle to the Ephesians from a Ninth Century MS. in the Convent of S. Catharine on Mount Sinai
  • Edited by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1894
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This work is a transcription by Gibson of a manuscript discovered by Lewis in the monastery in 1892 and published in 1894. The manuscript is an Arabic translation, believed to date from the ninth century, of part of St Paul's epistles. Included with the text are Gibson's notes on both the translation of the Arabic and the adaptations made to the text by the original translator, making the work a useful resource for scholars of Arabic Christianity.

Geschichte des Urchristenthums
  • Volume 2, Die heilige Sage
  • August Friedrich Gfrörer
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    02 August 2012
    First published in:
    1838
  • A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. This three-volume work, published in 1838, may be regarded as marking the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism. Gfrörer was the first scholar who attempted to recount the history of Palestinian Judaism at the time of Jesus by using primary source material and without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemic agenda. More than 2,000 pages in length, the work is a formidable scholarly achievement of lasting value in the field of religious studies. Volume 2 discusses the authenticity and literary character of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. According to Gfrörer, the Gospel of John has a distinct character which sets it apart from the other Gospels.

The Didascalia Apostolorum in Syriac
  • Edited from a Mesopotamian Manuscript with Various Readings and Collations of Other MSS
  • Edited by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    17 February 2011
    First published in:
    1903
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the four gospels in Syriac, the language believed to have been spoken by Jesus himself. Previously published as part of the Horae Semitica series, this first fascicule contains the third-century Syriac text of the Didascalia Apostolorum, edited by Gibson. Traditionally attributed to the apostles, the text is a treatise on Church law and doctrine, covering topics including church organisation, charity and forgiveness. Gibson described it as a 'potent instrument' used to gain the 'unquestioning obedience of the Christian people'. An important resource for the Syriac scholar, the edition also includes additional material from a variety of sources, and is of considerable significance to ecclesiastical history.

The New Testament in Greek
  • According to the Text Followed in the Authorised Version Together with the Variations Adopted in the Revised Version
  • Edited by F. H. A. Scrivener
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    21 October 2010
    First published in:
    1881
  • F. H. A. Scrivener (1813–1891) was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and published a variety of works of New Testament scholarship while working as a clergyman and headmaster. In an age when previously unknown manuscript fragments of New Testament texts were being discovered, his skills as a transcriber and collator of these texts were greatly respected. This volume, first published in 1881, is an edition of the Greek text underlying the Revised Version of the New Testament, also published in 1881. It seeks to provide scholars with both a faithful version of the text as it was used by the translators of the Authorised Version (1611), and also extensive notes listing the changes in readings made for the Revised Version, giving the reader a fuller picture of the evolution of the translation. A valuable resource for understanding the version of the Bible used for four centuries in the English-speaking world.

The Life and Miracles of St William of Norwich by Thomas of Monmouth
  • Edited and translated by Augustus Jessop, M. R. James
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    29 December 2011
    First published in:
    1896
  • This work marks a significant and tragic moment in the history of medieval Jewish–Christian relations, as it promulgates one of Europe's first allegations of Jewish ritual murder of a Christian child. Composed in stages between 1150 and 1173 by Thomas, a monk at the Benedictine priory of Norwich, the Life narrates in seven books the murder (in 1144), discovery, miracles and canonisation (though he was deprived of sainthood at the Reformation) of a local boy, William. Offering an invaluable window into daily life in twelfth-century East Anglia, the work also stands at the origins of a myth with profound consequences for medieval Jewish communities. Edited by Augustus Jessop (1823–1914) and M. R. James (1862–1936) from a unique manuscript, this 1896 edition offers the original Latin text and a modern English translation, supplemented by detailed considerations of the textual, historical and political contexts shaping this remarkable document.

Philo und die Alexandrinische Theosophie
  • Oder vom Einflusse der Jüdisch-Ägyptischen Schule auf die Lehre des Neuen Testaments
  • Volume 2
  • August Friedrich Gfrörer
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1831
  • A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. His academic work marked the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism, making full use of primary sources without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemical agenda. This two-volume work, published in 1831, is a critical study of early Christianity and the influence that Judaism had on the New Testament. Volume 2 is devoted to substantiating the thesis that the core principles of Philo's theology were already discernible among the Alexandrian Jews. Gfrörer traces how Philo's theology and philosophy were transplanted to Palestine via such sects as the Therapeutae and the Essenes as well as through the historian Josephus. The Apocrypha serve as Gfrörer's main primary source.

An Arabic Version of the Acts of the Apostles and the Seven Catholic Epistles
  • From an Eighth or Ninth Century MS. in the Convent of St. Catharine on Mount Sinai
  • Edited by Margaret Dunlop Gibson
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    08 March 2012
    First published in:
    1899
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This text is a transcription of an Arabic manuscript discovered at the monastery and translated by Margaret Gibson. First published in 1899, the text includes sections of the New Testament as well as a short moral parable, some religious aphorisms and an essay on the nature of God. Illustrated with reproductions of the manuscript pages, this book is a useful text in the study of Arabic Christianity as well as an interesting resource for theological scholars.

Philo und die Alexandrinische Theosophie
  • Oder vom Einflusse der Jüdisch-Ägyptischen Schule auf die Lehre des Neuen Testaments
  • Volume 1
  • August Friedrich Gfrörer
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1831
  • A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. His academic work marked the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism, making full use of primary sources without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemical agenda. This two-volume work, published in 1831, is a critical study of early Christianity and the influence that Judaism had on the New Testament. Volume 1 provides a thorough exposition of Philo of Alexandria's philosophy and theology. Gfrörer also offers a biographical sketch of Philo and gives an informative overview of his writings and his time.

A Palestinian Syriac Lectionary
  • Containing Lessons from the Pentateuch, Job, Proverbs, Prophets, Acts, and Epistles
  • Edited by Agnes Smith Lewis
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1897
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. This text, first published in 1897 as part of the Studia Sinaitica, contains a collection of Syriac scriptural lessons from a manuscript acquired in Cairo by Lewis in 1895. She believed the manuscript might have been used by the Syrian Church, although the date of the pages is uncertain. Included with the edited and annotated text is a glossary by Margaret Gibson and critical notes by distinguished theologian Eberhard Nestle, providing a useful resource for Syriac scholars which also casts light on the development of Christianity across the Middle East.

Geschichte des Urchristenthums
  • Volume 3, Das Heiligthum und die Wahrheit
  • August Friedrich Gfrörer
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    02 August 2012
    First published in:
    1838
  • A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. This three-volume work, published in 1838, may be regarded as marking the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism. Gfrörer was the first scholar who attempted to recount the history of Palestinian Judaism at the time of Jesus by using primary source material and without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemic agenda. More than 2,000 pages in length, the work is a formidable scholarly achievement of lasting value in the field of religious studies. Volume 3 is dedicated to an exploration of the Gospel of John. According to Gfrörer, the dogma of God's transcendence is fundamental to both Judaism and Christianity, as told in the Gospel of John.

Novum testamentum Graece
  • Ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit apparatum criticum omni studio perfectum apposuit commentationem isagogicam praetexuit Constantinus Tischendorf
  • Volume 2
  • Edited by Constantin von Tischendorf
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    31 October 2013
  • The German biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–74) published his monumental eighth edition of the Greek New Testament between 1869 and 1872. Following his death, the prolegomena was compiled by colleagues and appeared between 1884 and 1894. Influenced by the pioneering scholarship of Karl Lachmann (1793–1851), who had first moved away from relying on the Textus Receptus, Tischendorf placed key emphasis on the witness of older uncial manuscripts, most notably the Codex Sinaiticus (which he rediscovered) and the Codex Vaticanus. His painstaking work laid the foundations for the creation of modern critical texts, and the vast amount of manuscript evidence he collated has ensured that this edition remains a standard work of reference for biblical scholars and textual critics. Volume 2 (1872) contains the text and critical apparatus for the Acts, Epistles and Book of Revelation.

Geschichte des Urchristenthums
  • Volume 1, Das Jahrhundert des Heils
  • August Friedrich Gfrörer
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    02 August 2012
    First published in:
    1838
  • A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. This three-volume work, published in 1838, may be regarded as marking the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism. Gfrörer was the first scholar who attempted to recount the history of Palestinian Judaism at the time of Jesus by using primary source material and without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemic agenda. More than 2,000 pages in length, the work is a formidable scholarly achievement of lasting value in the field of religious studies. Volume 1 accounts for first-century Jewish education and scholarship, and discusses the doctrine of revelation. The author also addresses the Jewish understanding of God and of spirits, angels and demons.

Select Narratives of Holy Women: Syriac Text
  • From the Syro-Antiochene or Sinai Palimpsest
  • Edited by Agnes Smith Lewis
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    08 March 2012
    First published in:
    1900
  • The sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This fascicule, a useful resource for scholars of Syriac, and originally published as part of the Studia Sinaitica series, is the text of a Syriac manuscript from the monastic library at St Catherine's. Transcribed by Lewis and first published in 1900, the manuscript recounts the tales of a number of saintly women including Pelagia, a rich courtesan who converted to Christianity, and Eugenia, a holy woman who lived as a man and became the abbot of a monastery.

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