This chapter examines the opportunities and challenges for the management of biodiversity in desert and water-scarce regions, in particular sub-regions of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It explores the need for the integrated management of water and biodiversity in the region, how the current legal framework of biodiversity protection can advance an integrated governance approach, the gaps in integrative governance in the region, and how these gaps can be addressed. Although MENA is one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change, it is not homogenous. Its geography deserves a nuanced investigation of the threats of climate change and biodiversity loss to each of its sub-regions. The integrated management of water and biodiversity resources is essential to address the impacts of climate change and other ecological pressures coherently. To advance such integrated governance of water and biodiversity, a wide array of cross-sub regional and cross-national initiatives have been developed. However, problems of diverse political landscape, economic priorities, varied institutional capacities, and transboundary challenges hinder their effective and coherent implementation. This chapter examines the legal framework on the integrated management of water and biodiversity in the MENA region, offering recommendations for improving the current regime of water conservation.