Various combinations of methods were evaluated for the control of ivyleaf morningglory growing in cotton. The combinations included chemicals incorporated to two depths or tanked-mixed as postemergence treatments and cultural methods that included in-row cultivation and hand weeding. The most effective combinations of methods included a herbicide such as cyanazine or prometryn in some treatments resulting in reduced ivyleaf morningglory population and improved cotton yields. Cultural methods without chemical assistance gave little or no control of ivyleaf morningglory based on weed populations and cotton yield. Statistically the best combinations had lint yields equal to the weed-free treatment, but the yields were reduced from 114 to 372 kg/ha. Also, most combination treatments had enough plant debris in the lint to reduce fiber grade.

Studies on weed management systems with bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton cultivars in a no-tillage environment were evaluated in North Carolina and Tennessee in 1997 and 1998. All weed management systems in nontransgenic and bromoxynil-resistant cotton controlled sicklepod 72 to 78%, whereas sicklepod was controlled at least 94% in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Entireleaf and pitted morningglory, smooth pigweed, and common cocklebur were controlled at least 92% with all management systems. Fiber quality was also measured in Tennessee. Micronaire and fiber strength ranged from 4.35 to 4.55 units and 28.6 to 30.1 g/tex, respectively, in bromoxynil-resistant and glyphosate-resistant cultivars that received postemergence over-the-top (POT) herbicides. Harvest trash content ranged from 0.80 to 1.15% in systems where POT and late postemergence–directed (LAYBY) herbicides were used and was 1.65% where multiple glyphosate applications were used with no LAYBY herbicides. Cotton lint yield and net returns were generally highest in systems that included bromoxynil or pyrithiobac POT followed by cyanazine plus MSMA LAYBY or multiple glyphosate treatments where no LAYBY herbicides were used.

This article describes the important role of shepherdesses of the Tzotzil ethnic group from the mountains of Chiapas State, in southern México, not only in the historical rescue of several Spanish sheep breeds but also in the conservation of this species. Due to the legacy of their millenarian Mayan culture and the historical blending with elements of the Catholic religion during Colonial times, the Tzotzil women are responsible for caring for their sacred sheep that receive given names and special consideration. Women are also in charge of making all the woolen clothes that identify the members of their ethnic group. The typical garments are handmade with the fleeces obtained from the local sheep, processed by means of traditional textile techniques such as the spinning of threads with a spindle and the weaving using the back-strap loom of pre-Hispanic design. Clothes for daily and ceremonial use, both for Tzotzil men and women include heavy black coats and skirts, white woolen ponchos, brown blouses, black shawls, all of them made out of wool, and this has represented the need to preserve the diversity of sheep with different phenotypes and kept under a traditional management system.